No Child Left Behind Act - 2072 Words

Common Core States Standards Ever since the establishment of modern schooling in 1911, experts have debated on the best ways to educate a child. Whether it be through teacher lectures, group discussions, or individual study, the importance of educational methods cannot be understated. Yet, contrary to our emphasis on education, the United States is ranked 35th in mathematics and 27th in science out the of the 64 countries examined by a Pew Research study in 2015. George Bush tried to counteract this historical trend in 2001 with the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act†, which paved the way for the establishment of Common Core State Standards throughout the country. These standards aim to improve education through â€Å"common† assessments and†¦show more content†¦He specifically cites Massachusetts, whose implementation of rigorous standards have resulted in high standardized test performance. While Petrilli’s example does provide credibility, he only cites one state, which may be an ou tlier in the effectiveness of common standards. On top of that, he fails to mention the amount of money Massachusetts spends on education compared to other, lower scoring states. Massachusetts spends close to $15,000 a year per student, while states throughout the south average around $8,000. We cannot associate the success of Massachusetts solely based on their implementation Common Core Standards. Success in education may be more closely attributed to funding rather than common standards. Petrilli also fails to understand that the education techniques that work for students in Massachusetts may not work for students in Texas. Neal McCluskey, associate director of the CATO Institute’s Center for Education Freedom, puts it very simply when he states, â€Å"Why is the idea of common standards wrong?...because all children are different.†. Children learn different things at different rates, they have different interests and they start from different places. As a result o f these key differences, any sort of â€Å"common† standards would be ineffective. The typical student in Texas is vastly different from a student in Massachusetts in terms of income,

Analysis on settlement hierachy coursework Free Essays

In my introduction of my investigation I made a hypothesis that said, â€Å"the settlements of Prestwood and Wendover demonstrate the settlement hierarchy.† I predicted that Prestwood was a large village and Wendover was a small town, and I said that I would try and prove this by observing and comparing the two settlements with each other. Over the last four months I have investigated this hypothesis thoroughly and my results and data presentation have proved that my hypothesis was correct. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis on settlement hierachy coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have collected this data in various different techniques, but my main technique was the questionnaire, which I carried out in both settlements. Some of which is primary information, like the questionnaire which I designed, the photographs which I took of particular services and characteristics in each settlement which I collected all myself; and some of it is secondary information like the data which I collected from the Aylesbury reference library. My data helps show that the two settlements that I carried out my investigation in, Prestwood and Wendover are placed in some sort of order in the settlement hierarchy. Prestwood is the smaller settlement of the two with a population of 7124 people, and Wendover being the larger settlement of the two having a population of 8612 people; I collected this data form the Aylesbury reference library. Also in Wendover there is a wider range of places where the people have visited from in Wendover, whereas in Prestwood the majority of people visited from within the settlement and so I sketched out a land use survey of the services and whether or not they were high or low. After examining and comparing each of the settlement diagrams I realized that there is higher amount of high order services in Wendover than Prestwood which symbolizes another characteristic of a town. Whilst collecting my data for my questionnaire I had to write down the services available and whether they were low or high services. I found out that Wendover has a larger amount of services available than Prestwood and so more people would visit the settlement due to the wider range of services. I carried out a traffic survey also and I found out that Wendover has a higher average of vehicles passed per minute in a busy part of the settlement than Prestwood. 1. What are the populations of the two settlements? To investigate about this question I researched and collected information from the Aylesbury reference library. During my visit there I found out the population of each settlement. I discovered that the population of people living in Prestwood is 7124 people. I also found that Wendover has a population of 8612 people. Due to the fact that I found out that Wendover has a larger population of people than Wendover it gives us the impression that it is a larger settlement also and more likely to be stated as being a town than a village. This makes my theory and prediction correct, when I stated that the larger settlement would have a larger population. 2. What services are available in each settlement? (Low/High) The settlement of Wendover contains of a large number of low, medium and high order services, with a total number of 10 low order, 21 medium order and 10 high order services. In the certain area of which I carried out my investigation there were a number of 10 low and medium order services and 8 high order services. The settlement of Prestwood contains mostly medium order services with some low order and one or two high order services. In the certain area of which I carried out my investigation in Prestwood there were a number of 10 low and medium orders services and 6 high order services. These facts agree with my theory and prediction of; the settlement with the larger population would have a larger number of high order services and the smaller settlement would have a larger percentage of low and medium order services. I think that this is true due to the fact that if there are more people living in the settlement there will correspondingly have a range of low, medium and high order services. 3. How far do people travel to visit Prestwood and Wendover for their services? (High/Low) During my investigation I carried out a questionnaire to find out information about this question. In the settlement of Wendover people travelled from distant surroundings like the outskirts of Aylesbury and Princes Risborough. Whereas in the settlement of Prestwood I found out that there are only very few people whom visit the services actually outside Prestwood, let alone travelling a long distance to use the services. I also discovered whilst carrying out my questionnaire in Wendover that most people whom have visited from a distance used the high order services, while on the contrary the settlement of Prestwood most people visited to use the low order services. These statistics give me the impression that people are only willing to travel a long distance to use the high order services rather than in Prestwood most people have travelled from within the village or the outskirts of it. Due to the fact that there are more high order services available in Wendover may be the reason in why there is a higher amount of people using the services, and why more people have travelled to Wendover from a distance than Prestwood. From my questionnaire research I found that the general maximum people travel to visit Prestwood is the settlement of Gt. Kingshill, which is only 3 minutes away from the services. I have not included the person whom visited from Aylesbury or Hughenden or the person whom was passing through, due to the number for each was so little. In extent, the maximum length people travel to use the services of Wendover was the settlements of Gt. Missenden and Prestwood, which is roughly 7 miles. 4. Do the number of services available reflect the population of each settlement? In Wendover the number of services does reflect the population of the settlement; this is due to having the population of a small town, being smaller than the large town and bigger than a large village. This is corresponding in the amount of the services and the type of order of the services, as there are more services, with a higher order than the small village but a smaller amount of services than the large town. In Prestwood the number of services does also reflect population of the settlement; this is due to having the population of a large village, being smaller than a small town but larger than a small village. This also corresponds in the amount of the services and the type of order of the services within the settlement. These statistics prove my prediction to be accurate due to the fact that I stated that the larger settlement, the higher the number of services available and the smaller the settlement the lower the number of services available. 5. How many vehicles pass in a certain place of each settlement? In the certain area of which I carried out my traffic survey in Wendover there seemed to be an awful lot more vehicles passing than in the area in Prestwood. I encountered that the average number of vehicles passed in Wendover was 22.467, which is a reasonable high amount. The average number of vehicles in Prestwood was 15.867. These statistics symbolizes the difference of traffic between a town and a village. The larger the settlement the more cars travelling throughout. In my opinion this is due to the population of Wendover being more then Prestwood being higher and so accordingly there should be a higher amount of cars travelling about. The data I gathered follows the theories I introduced in my introduction precisely, this states about the Settlement Hierarchy. All the settlements followed the settlement hierarchy. This theory states that the smaller the settlement and population the less frequency and quality of the services. Therefore the small towns, with small populations, have very few services and the ones that it does are of low quality. Oppositely the large settlements, with large populations, will have more services which are of better quality. I can see this trend of data in my results and data presentation. Prestwood has a smaller population so pursuing my theory it should have fewer services which are mostly of high and low order services, and from my data I can see that is true. Wendover is a larger settlement and has a larger population so, in agreement with my theory, it should have more services, which are of a high order. During the time in which I carried out my questionnaire in Prestwood I asked a man where he had travelled from to use the service he had used, and he replied that he was from Newport in Wales and had come down to visit some of his family. Due to this being very unusual answer I counted his data as an anomaly and did not include it in my results table or in any of my graphs. This interpretation does not relate to my knowledge of the area and that is one of the reasons in which I have not included this in my data. Another is that it does not agree and correspond with my theory and is a one-off occurrence during my investigation. As I have stated before, the settlement of Wendover would obviously be placed above Prestwood in the settlement hierarchy. But if I were asked to place them appropriately on the settlement hierarchy this is where I would. As you can see above I have placed the two settlements appropriately; Wendover is plotted beside the small town section and Prestwood at the top of the village section which is symbolizing that its is not quite a small town but a large village. In conclusion, during the time that I have carried out my investigation on whether â€Å"the settlements of Prestwood and Wendover demonstrate the settlement hierarchy† I have discovered many factors in thorough detail. I have found out that the settlement of Wendover and the settlement of Prestwood do in fact demonstrate in some order the settlement hierarchy. From my own knowledge, experiments and techniques I have made an opinion of my own that Prestwood is a large village and Wendover is a small town. I have discovered through secondary information from the Aylesbury reference library that the settlement of Prestwood has a population of 7124 people, and Wendover, the larger settlement of the two has a population of 8612 people. I have also established that the two settlements of Wendover and Prestwood also demonstrate the order of services hierarchy due to finding out that the larger population the larger the number of high order services and the smaller the settlement the larger percentage of low and medium order services. The larger the population the higher the number of services within and so there is a higher majority of people visiting from far distances. The higher the number of services in the settlement the larger the population and the larger the settlement the busier the roads and the higher amount of vehicles passing. How to cite Analysis on settlement hierachy coursework, Papers

Foreign Investment Economic Positioning of Spain

Question: Discuss about theForeign Investmentfor Economic Positioning of Spain. Answer: Introduction This assignment will come with three investment ideas that one can finance in a foreign country. The country that is chosen for the investment is are Spain. The main issue that the activity will cover is to explore three investment options for foreign direct investment(Salvo, et al., 2015). The activity will look at some of the reasons the country is a better option for investment and discusses the selection criteria for choosing Spain as an investment option. Investment Areas According to the social, Political, Environmental and economic positioning of Spain, the main investment areas would in in organizing a fashion week, coming up with holiday rentals and coming up with camping getaway for safari lovers. By looking at the first option of Fashion week, it is evident that fashion week expos are very lucrative and marketable events all around the world. For example, the British Fashion Week, has always worked well to attract more tourists, invite investment in the fashion industry of the country and enabled many un-known entrepreneur to come out and grow in the market(Karr, et al., 2014). In addition, when one invests in the event, it is a guarantee that national and international firms will innovate to capitalize on the theme of the event or in the sales Idea. A fashion week event is needed as it will be able to attract clients from all around the world including the United States, Italy, France, Britain, China, Japan, Africa fashion among other countries . The second investment area is Holiday Rentals. It is evident that this is one of the most profitable business in Spain. For example, the costal regions of Andaluca including Costa de la Luz, costa Tropical and Costa del Sol, as some of the most popular regions with tourists in the country. The climate is also favorable year round making the destination very easy for access. Tourist are expected to come from all around Europe, America and Asia. The region is also a winter and summer destination. Thus, establishing and putting ones money in Holiday rental homes is sure to bring around positive results. The third investment Idea would be to come up with a camping getaway event. This would be especially very experiential as campers will have a new experience of blending with Mother Nature and the wild. Given that the country has various wild destinations, it is definite the business will attract customers. Other activities that will go with it include game hunting, capacity building games, fishing and other forms of sport. In fact, for big business men who may not have time for resting, camping gateway would be a better way of sparing time to enjoy with family and friends. Selection Criteria After going through the above three investment areas, the best option would be to investment in Holiday Rentals. The criteria for choosing the above areas is that the business is a guarantee investment return business(Dowell-Jones, 2014). It is normal for tourists to visit the country in all seasons, meaning that they will definitely need a place to stay. In addition, home rentals are cheaper to the chosen clients who would rather do this that book hotels(Braise, 2015). The tourism industry is also doing well in the country. Conclusion In conclusion, as much as the three areas are good investment options in the country, the selection criteria considered returns on investment, sustainability of the business and profitability. It was thus evident that investing in home rentals for tourists would be a better option. References Braise, L., 2015. Where to Invests in a Spanish Holiday. [Online] Available at: https://www.spain-holiday.com/rentalbuzz/where-to-invest-in-a-spanish-holiday-rental [Accessed 28 January 2017]. Dowell-Jones, M., 2014. Investing in Emerging Markets: The Ethical Context. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, Volume 48, pp. 75-90. Karr, A., Naughton, J. Young, V., 2014. Fashion Scoops. WWD, 207(70), p. 70. Salvo, P., Mogolln, J. M. H., Clemente, E. Calzati, V., 2015. Territory, tourism and local products. The extra virgin oil's enhancement and promotion: a benchmarking italy-spain. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 19(1), p. 23.

Title Of Paper CASE Tools Essays - Product Development

Title of Paper : CASE tools Grade Received on Report : 95% CASE Tools What are CASE Tools ? Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools provide automated support for many of the systems analysis and design methods available to the information systems developer. CASE tools provide an environment which automates many time-consuming aspects of the systems development process, including: drawing and redrawing diagrams cross checking usage of elements across the system model generation of system documentation generation of code structures and database schemas What are the benefits of CASE tools? Less effort spent on document administration, such as redrafting diagrams increased quality from extensive cross checking provided in CASE tools subsequent potential for reduction in end-to-end system development time automated system documentation generation . History on CASE Tools Since the early days of writing software, there has been an awareness of the need for automated tools to help the software developer. Initially the concentration was on program support tools such as translators, compilers, assemblers, macro processors, and linkers and loaders. However, as computers became more powerful and the software that ran on them grew larger and more complex, the range of support tools began to expand. In particular, the use of interactive time-sharing systems for software development encouraged the development of program editors, debuggers, code analyzers, and program- pretty printers. As computers became more reliable and in greater use, the need for a broader notion of software development became apparent. Software development came to be viewed as: ?A large-scale activity involving significant effort to establish requirements, design an appropriate solution, implement that solution, test the solution's correctness, and document the functionality of the final system. ?A long-term process producing software that requires enhancement through out its lifetime. The implications of this are that the structure of the software must enable new functionality to be added easily, and detailed records of the requirements, design, implementation, and testing of the system must be kept to aid maintainers of the software. In addition, multiple versions of all artifacts produced during a project must be maintained to facilitate group development of software systems. ?A group activity involving interaction among a number of people during each stage of its life. Groups of people must be able to cooperate, in a controlled manner, and have consistent views of the state of the project. CASE Tools Environment: The first generation of CASE tool developers concentrated to a large extent on the automation of isolated tasks such as document production, version control of source code, and design method support. While successes have been achieved in supporting such specific tasks, the need for these `islands of automation' to be connected has been clearly recognized by many first generation CASE tool users. For example, a typical development scenario requires that designs be closely related to their resultant source code, that they be consistently described in a set of documentation, and that all of these artifacts be under centralized version control. The tools that support the individual tasks of design, coding, documentation, and version control must be integrated if they are to support this kind of scenario effectively. A CASE environment is a collection of CASE tools and other components together with an integration approach that supports most or all of the interactions that occur among the environment components, and between the users of the environment and the environment itself.

Free Essays on Chicano

I attended a lecture on the Chicano movement given by Jose Angel Gutierrez, an active member from the Chicano movement from the 1960s. The lecture was mostly of his books and the content of them and what events led to the writing of the books. Jose Angel Gutierrez was a key activist in the Chicano movement which became a popular uprising for the Mexican population in the United States. In areas like the Southwest, the Los Angeles area, and the Midwest, many groups were formed as a result of people such as Gutierrez, who came out of Cristal, Texas, and other parts of the Southwest. Representatives of the Raza Unida party sent representatives to different parts of the country to persuade others to join the movement and unite Mexicans who united and called themselves Chicanos. They consisted of a group of people of all ages who wanted political, civil, and educational rights to change because of unfair circumstances. In Gutierrez’s situation, he was one of the key activists in the Raza Unida party and used his life and its occurrences as material which would cause controversy in different aspects in his life. The most popular of his books, The Gringo Manual, was a book that was not allowed across the Mexican-U.S. border by the border patrol because of its controversial, anti-white content. He eventually got them across the border and had them delivered to his home. They were sold and distributed in the U.S. and they later came back to haunt him. During his process of getting his Docotorate, as his dissertation he used the material from his book and was then rejected for using anti-white content and for having no resources for his life experiences in which tells about. He ended his session by giving some figures on some anticipated Latino populations for the future which predicts Latinos to be the biggest group by 2030.... Free Essays on Chicano Free Essays on Chicano I attended a lecture on the Chicano movement given by Jose Angel Gutierrez, an active member from the Chicano movement from the 1960s. The lecture was mostly of his books and the content of them and what events led to the writing of the books. Jose Angel Gutierrez was a key activist in the Chicano movement which became a popular uprising for the Mexican population in the United States. In areas like the Southwest, the Los Angeles area, and the Midwest, many groups were formed as a result of people such as Gutierrez, who came out of Cristal, Texas, and other parts of the Southwest. Representatives of the Raza Unida party sent representatives to different parts of the country to persuade others to join the movement and unite Mexicans who united and called themselves Chicanos. They consisted of a group of people of all ages who wanted political, civil, and educational rights to change because of unfair circumstances. In Gutierrez’s situation, he was one of the key activists in the Raza Unida party and used his life and its occurrences as material which would cause controversy in different aspects in his life. The most popular of his books, The Gringo Manual, was a book that was not allowed across the Mexican-U.S. border by the border patrol because of its controversial, anti-white content. He eventually got them across the border and had them delivered to his home. They were sold and distributed in the U.S. and they later came back to haunt him. During his process of getting his Docotorate, as his dissertation he used the material from his book and was then rejected for using anti-white content and for having no resources for his life experiences in which tells about. He ended his session by giving some figures on some anticipated Latino populations for the future which predicts Latinos to be the biggest group by 2030....

Amy Chua

Amy Chua, from the very beginning dives into her thesis, which she argues from the introduction continued all through part one of â€Å" Day of Empire† and without a doubt, throughout the entire book. Chua’s clear, distinctive thesis can be condensed into two main points. To begin with, she explains how for every society that has been allowed to be called a hyperpower have been – at the time, considered to be â€Å"tolerant†. In every instance to achieve supremacy, every hyperpower had to enclose a certain quantity of tolerance, the extent of freedom that an individual has to prosper in all aspects of their life, ranging from religious, cultural, linguistic, to conversing with people of different upbringings. Tolerance is suggested as the prerequisite for global domination. However, conversely she also indicates that intolerance has been shown as the reason for the downfall of a hyperpower or a result of the demise. The second concept she introduces in her thesis is the idea of a great nation to become a hyperpower, they must have â€Å"glue† that binds, and embraces them together. Critics argue that modern America is in the first stages of losing its identity, with nonchalant laws of immigration, granting just about every immigrant into the states. Chua acknowledges to some degree that, hyperpowers that have fallen as a causality of lost identity, however this reverts back to her first notion. When the population succumbs to disjunction, it’s most likely the repercussion of intolerance within the nation. In the case on point, America’s â€Å"glue† problem lies outside of its borders. America is seen across the world as an icon, however it does nothing to enforce its image or bring together the other nations that follow in its footsteps. Amy Chua’s thesis from the get-go helps to depict the tone, and attitude of the rest of this novel.

Geography and Climate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geography and Climate - Essay Example Colder areas also have lesser rainfall compared to warmer regions because warm air can hold more moisture than cold air (NASA 2). The climograph for Calgary shows a minimum rainfall in January of about 0.75 inches whereas the minimum rainfall recorded in Santa Fe is approximately 1.25 inches throughout the year. Latitude also causes places to have differences in their temperature ranges. Low latitude areas have smaller temperature ranges compared to high altitude areas. Temperature can range in Calgary from -22o F to 61o F, a range of 83o F, whereas Santa Fe has a smaller annual range, i.e. 72 o F, ranging from 14 o F in winters to 86 o F in summers. Continentality refers to the degree to which a place is affected by thermal variation and moisture. It gives rise to a climate which shows large diurnal and annual temperatures (Oliver 303). Both Santa Fe and Calgary have a semi-arid continental climate. As a result, the climate is relatively dryer than that in coastal areas. The moisture content in the air is also lower, and therefore evaporation does not produce significant quantities of moisture as seen in coastal areas. This causes the amount of precipitation in Calgary and Santa Fe to be lesser than coastal areas. Also, another effect of continentality on weather is that areas experience very wide temperature ranges. There is a grater range of minimum and maximum temperatures in both Calgary and Santa Fe both daily and through out the year as well. Winters in Calgary are more variable as compared to Santa Fe and whereas the summers are short. Average temperature can fall as low as 14 o F in January and can be as high as 61.5 o F in July (â€Å"CalgaryIint’l, Alta., Canada†). On the other hand, average daily temperature in January in Santa Fe is 40.0 ° F and in July, its 91.0 ° F, showing lesser variations than Calgary. Annual precipitation in Calgary is 16.23 inch, whereas that in Santa Fe is 14 inches. Elevation refers to the

Minimum Wage and Living Wage in New Zealand Essay

Minimum Wage and Living Wage in New Zealand - Essay Example The minimum wage law dictates the amount of cash that a worker is to earn, in a particular hour of work. The minimum wage should not be surpassed by the employer, as it is stated in the rights of the workers. However, there have been emergent issues on making the livelihood of the workers better. The issue of introducing the living wage to workers is debatable in such a country, when there is focus on the living standards. The question is; should New Zealand raise the minimum wage of workers to the living wage of families? In this question, there are some people for the issue of introducing the living wage, whilst some of the people in the country have their issues with the law. Therefore, expounding on this issue would be appropriate in coming up with better decisions. This qualitative study will involve holding a semi-structured interview with a relevant party. The secretary general of Amalgamated Workers Union New Zealand will be interviewed at a time appropriate for them. A set o f open-end questions will be asked relating to the living and minimum wages for workers. The study is important considering that both workers and employers are faced by constraints that need to be dealt with. The study will be useful in helping policy makers make considerations of various factors for the good of workers, employers, and the economy. Minimum Wage and Living Wage in New Zealand Introduction New Zealand is the country that has been struggling to make a positive impact in regard to its economic performance (International Energy Agency, 2011). It is an admissible fact that the most outstanding structure in making an improvement in its performance is by focusing on the employment levels and payment to workers. When a country has a high employment level, it is endowed with maximum labor. With such amassed labor, the country will be in a point of making a positive economic performance. This is due to the established production that will come from the labor intensity. In actu al sense, a country initiates making greater employment for its citizens in order to make a plausible performance. In recent economic times, countries have been struggling to ensure their population is employed, with a decent work and pay. However, this is dependent on a number of factors. These factors make it hard for a country to make full employment of the population, and give decent work. These factors include capital intensity, production, ability to pay the workers and the growth rate of the economy. When the above factors are considered at acceptable standards, the country will have a positive encounter when it comes to employment. 1. An overview of the subject The topic Though employment is the main factor in this research, the minimum wage is a solid factor to consider. This is heightened by the fact that all people in the world need a decent work for their living. Decent work denotes a person being contented with the working conditions, the wages and returns from other jo bs. Wage is defined as the reward given to workers, after offering their services. The wages given is remuneration for the workers, depending on the work and services they have offered. Therefore, the workers will be given their wages according to the work they have offered, depending on some other factors. Theses factor include experience, education level, merit and entry level. This shows the reason why many people may be in the same

Where Is Sony Vulnerable Essay Example for Free

Where Is Sony Vulnerable Essay Sony started as a radio repair shop, founded by Masuru Ikura and Akio Morita after World War II. The company began its long history of producing compact consumer electronics in 1957, when it introduced the world’s first pocket-sized all-transistor radio. The company’s name, Sony, was taken from sonus, the Latin word for â€Å"sound.† Sony went on to invent a series of transistor-based TVs and increasingly smaller audiocassette recorders. In 1979, the Sony Walkman introduced the world to a new, portable way of listening to music. Sony became a world leader in consumer electronics and was the first Japanese company to have its shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange. In the late 1980s, Sony began expanding into media, purchasing a U.S. record company (CBS Records for $22 billion in 1988) and a major Hollywood studio (Columbia Pictures for $4.9 billion in 1989). The purchases made Sony a major force in the entertainment industry. The importance of marketing at Sony started with Akio Morita, who said that for a company to be successful, it must have three kinds of creativity: creativity to make inventions, creativity in product planning and production, and creativity in marketing. Creativity in marketing at Sony means not just clever ads, but deep insight into its customers. For example, Sony knows its PlayStation customers like to find clues and to decode things. So Sony’s ads for PlayStation 2, like â€Å"Signs,† feature a young man walking the streets of a city where he encounters various signs foreshadowing the events. Mannequins appear in a store window, arms outstretched, and point enigmatically to something that’s about to happen. â€Å"The lead character is almost in the midst of his own role-playing game. He needs to follow clues to save the heroine,† said Andrew House, Sony’s executive vice president of marketing. In the ads, â€Å"we were essentially trying to tap into a range of emotions that we think we deliver in the games—intrigue, foreboding, excitement, panic, relief and achievement at the end.† Sony’s marketing also includes careful measurement of each campaign’s effectiveness. Fo r example, Sony runs 30-second commercials for its PlayStation as part of the previews in more than 1,800 theaters and on 8,000 movie screens. The ads appear before such films as â€Å"The Cat in the Hat.† Sony Computer Entertainment America has been running movie ads for six years. â€Å"Cinema advertising has been very effective for us,† said Ami Blaire, director of product marketing. â€Å"The reason why we have committed to cinema every year is the tremendous unaided recall shown by our own research and Communicus commissioned ad tracking.† Another example of measurement is Sony’s GenY youth marketing efforts. â€Å"The online program promoting the NetMD, ATRAC CD Walkman and Cybershot U30 ran July 1 through September 30 2003, and we found that more than 70 percent of the clickthroughs were spurred by rich media ads via Eyeblaster, versus static banners,† said Serge Del Grosso, Director of Media and Internet Strategy, Sony Electronics. In fact, Sony has even developed a direct-marketing solution which it sells to other companies who want to measure marketing effectiveness. The product, called eBridge[TM], allows marketers to use video, measure the effectiveness of the campaign, and gain insight into the target audience, all in one package. Sony expects that the next big breakthrough will not come from a single new electronic device. Rather, Sony president Kunitake Ando says that the future lies in making a whole range of devices more useful by linking them in a networked home-entertainment system. The company believes that its clout in consumer electronics, combined with its media content, will allow it to steer that convergence in a way that suits it. Whether the future of convergence resides in TVs or PCs or devices, $62-billion Sony makes every one of them—with a strong brand name that gives them an extra push off retail shelves around the world. Discussion Questions 1.What have been the key success factors for Sony? 2.Where is Sony vulnerable? 3.What should it watch out for? 4.What recommendations would you make to senior marketing executives going forward? 5.What should they be sure to do with its marketing? SONY Sony started as a radio repair shop, founded by Masuru Ikura and Akio Morita after World War II. The company began its long history of producing compact consumer electronics in 1957, when it introduced the world’s first pocket-sized all-transistor radio. The company’s name, Sony, was taken from sonus, the Latin word for â€Å"sound.† Sony went on to invent a series of transistor-based TVs and increasingly smaller audiocassette recorders. In 1979, the Sony Walkman introduced the world to a new, portable way of listening to music. Sony became a world leader in consumer electronics and was the first Japanese company to have its shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange. In the late 1980s, Sony began expanding into media, purchasing a U.S. record company (CBS Records for $22 billion in 1988) and a major Hollywood studio (Columbia Pictures for $4.9 billion in 1989). The purchases made Sony a major force in the entertainment industry. The importance of marketing at Sony started with Akio Morita, who said that for a company to be successful, it must have three kinds of creativity: creativity to make inventions, creativity in product planning and production, and creativity in marketing. Creativity in marketing at Sony means not just clever ads, but deep insight into its customers. For example, Sony knows its PlayStation customers like to find clues and to decode things. So Sony’s ads for PlayStation 2, like â€Å"Signs,† feature a young man walking the streets of a city where he encounters various signs foreshadowing the events. Mannequins appear in a store window, arms outstretched, and point enigmatically to something that’s about to happen. â€Å"The lead character is almost in the midst of his own role-playing game. He needs to follow clues to save the heroine,† said Andrew House, Sony’s executive vice president of marketing. In the ads, â€Å"we were essentially trying to tap into a range of emotions that we think we deliver in the games—intrigue, foreboding, excitement, panic, relief and achievement at the end.† Sony’s marketing also includes careful measurement of each campaign’s effectiveness. Fo r example, Sony runs 30-second commercials for its PlayStation as part of the previews in more than 1,800 theaters and on 8,000 movie screens. The ads appear before such films as â€Å"The Cat in the Hat.† Sony Computer Entertainment America has been running movie ads for six years. â€Å"Cinema advertising has been very effective for us,† said Ami Blaire, director of product marketing. â€Å"The reason why we have committed to cinema every year is the tremendous unaided recall shown by our own research and Communicus commissioned ad tracking.† Another example of measurement is Sony’s GenY youth marketing efforts. â€Å"The online program promoting the NetMD, ATRAC CD Walkman and Cybershot U30 ran July 1 through September 30 2003, and we found that more than 70 percent of the clickthroughs were spurred by rich media ads via Eyeblaster, versus static banners,† said Serge Del Grosso, Director of Media and Internet Strategy, Sony Electronics. In fact, Sony has even developed a direct-marketing solution which it sells to other companies who want to measure marketing effectiveness. The product, called eBridge[TM], allows marketers to use video, measure the effectiveness of the campaign, and gain insight into the target audience, all in one package. Sony expects that the next big breakthrough will not come from a single new electronic device. Rather, Sony president Kunitake Ando says that the future lies in making a whole range of devices more useful by linking them in a networked home-entertainment system. The company believes that its clout in consumer electronics, combined with its media content, will allow it to steer that convergence in a way that suits it. Whether the future of convergence resides in TVs or PCs or devices, $62-billion Sony makes every one of them—with a strong brand name that gives them an extra push off retail shelves around the world. Discussion Questions 1.What have been the key success factors for Sony? 2.Where is Sony vulnerable? 3.What should it watch out for? 4.What recommendations would you make to senior marketing executives going forward? 5.What should they be sure to do with its marketing?

The Road Not Taken Essay examples -- Literary Analysis, Robert Frost

Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† has touched the hearts of people all over America and has rightfully earned its place in the American literary canon. Written in 1916 by one of the greatest poets in American history; Robert Frost uses an unique metrical form that brings nature to life and a gives the reader a firm understanding of the rural lifestyle. Inspired by his friend Edward Thomas, Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† pits a man against two paths for which a difficult choice must be made. After that man makes his choice he tells the reader â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference† (Frost). The man does not reveal whether he made the right choice; all he tells the reader is that his choice made a significant impact on his life. For decades, various literary critics have analyzed this piece of writing trying to uncover its true meaning. Many scholars hav e found this piece to be a truly inspirational work while others have pictured it nothing more than an ironic tale of right and wrong. Alexander Meiklejohn is one scholar who used Robert Frost’s poem to teach others about making the right choices. Katherine Kearns, on the other hand, feels that the poem does not live up to its popularity. The viewpoints and criticisms regarding this unique piece of literature stretch far and wide, proving that Robert Frost’s poem has intrigued readers for decades. A large volume of criticisms have emerged that offer new perspectives for readers to explore as they continue to read â€Å"The Road Not Taken† for decades to come. Alexander Meiklejohn found Frost’s poem to be a truly inspirational work. Meiklejohn was a philosopher and well-educated teacher. His views on life refl... ...terpretations of the story will vary. Robert Faggen takes this criticism a step further and relates the poem to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and how species evolved by making difficult choices through their existence. Karen Kearns represents those critics who do not feel strongly about Robert Frost’s poem. Though many critics can agree Robert Frost’s poem illustrates various levels of irony; Kearns finds it ironic that â€Å"The Road not Taken†, a mediocre poem at best, is being regarded as one of the most popular poems in the American literary canon. The criticisms for this poem will never end as long as people continue to make difficult choices in their lives. After reading the â€Å"The Road not Taken,† one can form their own criticisms about what path is right for them; whether it means taking the road bent in the undergrowth or embarking on the road not taken.

A Son of the Forest and Other Writings by William Apess, a Pequot

A Son of the Forest and Other Writings is writings of William Apess, a 19th century Native American.   He was the first Native American to write extensively in the English language.Aside from culling from his first published autobiography, A Son of the Forest (1829),   Ã‚  Ã‚  this volume also contains other autobiographical works like â€Å"The Experiences of Five Christian Indians of the Pequot Tribe† (1832) and his â€Å"Eulogy on King Philip† (1836).In A Son of the Forest he narrates about being born in a tent in the woods of Colrain, Massachussetts, to a Pequot mother and a mixed blood (white and Pequot) father who later separated.   He describes his participation in the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain (after he ran away from indenture servitude) and his conversion to Methodism.He also talks about how his grandfather was a white man who married the granddaughter of King Philip.   He shares how he was abused by his alcoholic grandparents an d eventually sold as an indenture slave while he was very young. His master introduced him to Christianity and allowed him to go to school.   This part was the most influential phase of his life.   He became a preacher in 1833 and moved to Mashpee, the last Indian town in Massachusetts.Here he was able to experience first hand the incompatibility of his Christian faith and the racial prejudice and injustice the whites have done towards the natives. These became the recurring themes of his writings.   In his famous Eulogy on King Philip in Boston in 1836 he strongly forwarded the idea that Indians wanted what the Pilgrims wanted: justice and Christian fellowship.This gripping volume is a subtle political work of Apess of the Pequot Indian people. He articulated Native American consciousness and sentiments through his fiery Christian evangelism.   His topics range from poverty, child abuse, alcoholism (which he himself became one later in life), ethnic identity and religious c onversion.This volume is historically significant because it speaks and argues about racism during the early period of the republic.   Apess chronicled the abuses and injustices suffered by the Indians in the hands of the whites and those acting in God’s name.   Methodism appealed to Native Americans then because of its enthusiastic style and its emphasis on equality.   The work gives an alternative view of the often-written Native American marginalization and rationalization of Indian extinction.The work describes the character of the Native Americans first-hand by one of their own. His most powerful polemic is Eulogy on King Philip where Apess compared the seventeenth-century Wampanoag leader, Metacomet or â€Å"King Philip† to the English, to the republic’s early national hero and founding father, George Washington.He lectures about the relations of Native Americans with the whites in New England. Apess further argues that the Native American cause shou ld not be isolated from American history because Indian history and culture is part thereof.   Their cause is likened to the American Revolution.Published in 1830, A Son of the Forest implicitly challenges the national controversy of the times over the Indian Removal Bill which legalized the federal government’s decision to force Native Americans off their traditional homelands east of the Mississippi River.   Here he promotes the Indians’ humanity, worth, and potential with his life as an example.ReferencesO’Conell, B. (Ed.) (1997). A Son of the Forest and Other Writings by William Apess, a Pequot. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.  

Classic Airlines and Marketing Essay

Classic Airlines in an airline company that has been in business for over 25 years and has gained great success within the airline industry. In the 25 years since its creation the company has grown to over 32,000 employees and has generated 10 billion dollars worth of business. Although the company has seen great success, it also is subjected to the many challenges that other airlines companies face in today’s market. Classic airlines must be able to market its product so that customers will pick there product over competitors within the industry (University of Phoenix, 2012). There are several marketing concepts that Classic airlines have applied and are using in their business. The first marketing concept that Classic airlines use is the needs, wants, and demands concept. This concept is applied by understanding the needs, wants, and demands of the customer. The way Classic airlines have done this is create a rewards program for the customer. This feels the need for a customer to get something for a reduced price. If the customer has enough miles they can upgrade to first class or stay at a Classic airlines hotel partner for a free night (Kotler & Keller, 2006). The second concept that Classic airlines have applied to their business strategy is offering and brands. This concept is applied by a firm by offering benefits to a customer that fills needs and using brands that are a known commodity. The Classic airlines rewards program is a perfect example of this marketing concept. The airline offers if a customer signs up for the rewards program they will gain points which can be redeemed for free or reduced items. Although in the reading it does not state what hotel companies are partners of Classic airlines they should make sure that these hotels are name brand hotels such as Marriott or the Hilton so customers feel they are getting a premium brand (Kotler & Keller, 2006). The third marketing concept that Classic airlines applies is value and satisfaction. The concept is successful if it delivers value and satisfaction to the customer. The customer must be able to choose between different options to determine what the best value is for them. Classic does this with the rewards program. It gives customers options on what value they use once they earn a certain number of miles. This is a great marketing ploy for Classic airlines because it allows the customer to feel as they have the power in the situation and they are able to pick what option is best for their situation. All three of the above marketing concepts are used by Classic in some way through the rewards program. They are very smart because they use a combination of these concepts to create the rewards program. Classic knows that they are successful as long as the customers are happy. The rewards program allows the customer to receive benefits for staying loyal to Classic airlines(Kotler & Kelle r, 2006).

Cities On France Essays - Early Middle Ages, Prefectures In France

Cities On France Essays - Early Middle Ages, Prefectures In France Cities On France Toulose is a city in southern France, Capital of Haute -Garonne Department, on the Garonne River and the Canal du Midi. Its major Commercial , Transportation and Manufacturing center, is known for its production of aircraft and aerospace equipment. Other products are chemicals, clothing , electrical machinery, and farm implements. Places of interest in Toulose include a the largeRomanesque Basilica of saint Sernin, which contains the tomb of St. Thomas Aquinas; the Gothic Cathedral of WSaint Etienne; and the church of Notre Dame la Blanche. The city alsocontains mansions in the renaissance style; these include the Hotel Felzins, the Maison de Pierre, and the hotel d;Assezat et de Clemence -Isaure. As the Gallic city of Tolosa, the community was important long before the Roman conquest of Gaul. It became an episcopal see in the 4th century and was the capital of the Visigoths from 419 to 508, when it was captured by Clovis I, king of the Franks. It served as the seat of the Carolingian kingdom of the Aquitainebfrom 781 to 843, when the separate county of Toulose was established. The city joined the $Roman Catholic cause during the Wars of the Religion in the late 16th century, however, in 1562 some 4000 Protestants Huguenots of the city were killed. Nimes, city in southern France, capital of Gard Department, on a plain in the Cevennes Region. Its farm -trade and manufacturing center, products include: texties, clothing, processed

Does the prison exacerbate or improve the mental health of those it Essay

Does the prison exacerbate or improve the mental health of those it contains Consider with reference to contemporary data on the social backgrounds of prisoners and the inherent harms of incarceration - Essay Example Crime and criminality is as old as the history of man. The society’s way of dealing with criminals, however, has changed over the ages and varies from society to society. Crime is recognized as an integral part of the social fabric of the society. French sociologist Emile Durkheim argued that crime is normal and is necessary for society. According to Durkheim one of the benefits of crime is that it ‘establishes and clarifies the moral boundaries of a society’ (Henry & Lainer, 2001). From a historical point of view imprisonment was designed not only as a form of punishment but to separate those guilty of criminal acts from the general population. In ancient societies and in some parts of contemporary societies the guilty is locked away for life or is rewarded by death. Imprisonment, therefore, is not a new phenomenon. In ancient Egypt and as recorded in the Bible, Joseph the Hebrew slave was placed in prison by the pharaoh of the day and was ordered to work while incarcerated. Many stories are also told of prisoners in Ancient Rome and in more recent times with the persecution of Christians and other religious activists. Different methods of imprisonments have been used. In some ancient societies, for example, prisoners used to be locked up in dungeons. In modern society a considerable part of the general population is locked up in penal institutions. Worldwide there are ten million persons who are under imprisonment with the majority being in the United States, China and Russia (Maeyer, 2005). Prison reform, however, came under the microscope when the prison population increased dramatically as a result of many social changes in society. Countries enacted new bills and policies that influenced the prison system. Some of those policies fuelled the increase of the prison population. Sentencing reforms in the United States led to a great increase in the rates of incarceration (Morris & Rothman, 1998). One of the problems that contributes to the

Analysis of Business Environment for Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Analysis of Business Environment for Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example The company currently estimates the average drink sales per day at about 1.8 billion with more than 500 brands by 2011, four of which are the world’s top-five sparkling brands. Coca-Cola is one of the only trademarks with the universal presence and became a billion dollar brand in 2010. It has sponsored the biggest sporting events in the world, the Olympic Games and the FIFA world cup for more than 80 years (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012, par.2). The Company has undertaken many social responsibility initiatives including the Haiti Hope Project in 2010 which aimed at developing a sustainable mango industry in Haiti. The company attributes its business success to five main factors which are unique and recognized brand , quality, marketing, global availability and ongoing innovation. This paper will explore the business environment in which Coca-Cola Company operates focusing on among other things its SWOT, competitiveness and value chain. Assessment of the General Environment The general environment consists of the external factors which affect any business. These factors are dynamic and range from Demographic, Economic, Political/legal, Socio-cultural, Technological and Global. All these affect the business of Coca-Cola Company in one way or the other, but two of the most important factors for the Coca-Cola would be the economic and technological factors. The behavior of economies of the countries in which the company transacts business has a great influence on the performance of company products in those countries. Rise in inflation and interest rates trends increases operating costs and reduces production within the industry as well as affecting demand for beverages sold in those markets. When the countries face trade deficits or surpluses, it has an impact on the exchange rate which may be favorable or unfavorable thus increasing or reducing costs of raw materials and products because of increases or decreases in the value of exports/imports. The com pany’s products in those markets are affected accordingly. Economies facing budget deficits, as opposed to surpluses, may increase taxes in order to make up for the deficits, again impacting on Coke’s business in terms of increased business costs. Increase in rates of consumption may favor the uptake of beverages sold by Coca-Cola, but increase in savings by the populace will be detrimental to the company’s business. Changes in GDP levels, as well as business cycles are additional aspects that have an influence on the industry and business in which the company operates under the economic factor. Technologically, industry as well as firm benefits and/or vulnerabilities would be associated with taking or failing to take advantage of new generational purpose technologies, research and development, converging technologies and process architectures as part of the aspects of technology. In addressing business environment, competition is a key element that always comes to mind. The five forces of competition that are employed to establish the position of the company relative to its competitors in the industry as given by Porter are potential of new entrants, bargaining power of

The Devil Wears Prada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Devil Wears Prada - Essay Example Andrea is the "second assistant", the "first assistant" underscores to her, and that virtually makes her the "slave of a slave". Everyone in the organization and in that milieu tells her that, and yet in the same breath intimates that it is a job that every girl would die for. As the start, Andrea sees the job as merely her entry point into the more real world of journalism, and she hopes the training she would receive under her Dragon Lady of a boss would give her the qualifications and credentials for more serious work. Gradually though, she is fascinated by the glitter and glamour of the world that she has entered and finds herself struggling not only to survive but to conquer, using the very tools of the trade, so to speak, necessary to get ahead. She is, in fact, obviously also fascinated by the persona and aura projected by her boss, Melinda, a sleek, soft-spoken lady who inspires and commands respect and fear because she wields such power and influence within the industry. It likewise soon becomes obvious that while before, Andrea's goal is merely to please Melinda and thus secure her job, she eventually begins to fit into the mold of her boss. And therein lies her struggle - apparent in the change that her boyfriend Nath and two other close friend s observe. She tries to keep the friends and values she has known and cherished but now seems to find them in conflict with the new world she moves in and which, if she were honest with herself as Nath had asked her to be, she actually reveled in. Her crucial moment of truth and decision comes when she realizes that beneath the brittle veneer of might and power that Melinda Priestly presents to the world is a very human person - caring about family, protective of her children, hurt by the loss of a husband through divorce. Does Melinda Priestly really enjoy the kind of leader she has become, or has she been forced to fit into this mold - forced to be tough, work-oriented, utilitarian, uncaring - because that is what is expected of her as editor of the most powerful and influential fashion magazine, because that is the only way she can get the job done. Andrea gets a glimpse of this when Melinda explains why she had to sacrifice one of her oldest and closest friends and a most loyal associate - to ensure that she is not replaced as editor. Quite simply she explains that no one can take her place because the magazine cannot hold on to its coveted spot as fashion leader without her at the helm. On the surface, the movie seems to provide a literal example of the absence of servant-leadership as defined in the philosophy and concepts advanced by Robert Greenleaf and by the idea espoused by various religious traditions. By its title alone, "The Devil Wears Prada", it is obvious that the movie means to depict the lead character in the image of the antithesis of the archetype of servant leadership, the Christian's Jesus Christ. The Christ spirit in the Christian Scriptures manifests the values of leadership and a relationship that involves patience, kindness, humility, respectfulness, selflessness,

The essay that compares and contrasts the two stories of Creation that

The that compares and contrasts the two stories of Creation that begin Genesis - Essay Example This shows God was in total command and is omnipotent as the creator. He just created living beings and everything else that would be required by man on earth. There were no restrictions imposed and left man to take care of the creation. In The Garden of Eden Story, â€Å"No wild plants exist, because God had not caused rain to fall upon the land† shows that God could use discrimination. God has the power but would use it when He thought best, while in the first story he just gave. In Garden of Eden Story, God proceeds to rectify the absence of cultivated plants by fashioning a man from the ground, (2:7) which shows that his creation was not perfect, as it required rectification while in The Seven Days Story, creation was perfect. It further reveals that the first man was a peasant responsible for tilling the ground (Yee). In the first story, when Robert Alter says, â€Å"When God began to create heaven and earth, and the earth then was welter and waste†¦.† , the word ‘welter’ has significance. It signifies a state of chaos or a body of turbulent water (Ackroyd, 2005). This again demonstrates the difference in God’s characteristics in the two stories. In The Seven Days Story, His command can calm the turbulent water and make things perfect, while in The Garden of Eden Story, he rectifies His own creation. God prohibits the man under pain of death from eating of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil in the center of the garden (Gen 2:17; 3:3). In The Garden of Eden Story, this clearly states that God expected man to commit mistakes. Desires and wants in man would distract him to commit mistakes and God would be the judge. He becomes the savior too, when man commits mistakes. He imposed restriction and punishment in case of failure, while in The Story of Seven Days, God says, â€Å"†¦ and to every beast of

Self-Reflection of a Teaching Project

Self-Reflection of a Teaching Project Self-reflection refers to an activity or process in which an experience is recalled, considered, and evaluated, usually in relation to a broader purpose. It is a response to past experience and involves conscious recall and examination of the experience as a basis for evaluation and decision-making and as a source for planning and action. Self reflection is a thinking process in which an individual seriously considers and thoughtfully judges prior experience of the self. The consecutive engagement in reflection commonly leads the self to generate a change in conceptual perspectives My brief experience in the project allows me to understand and appreciate the art of self-reflecting. Recording lessons seems to be pretty much the ultimate method of self-reflection. Reflecting back on ones performance during a lesson is a great way of detecting and investigating the strength and weaknesses of a lesson. From preparing, recording the lesson and finally analyzing the video recording, I have learned a great deal of skills through this project. There are several mistakes that could be avoided in this project. During the recording of the lesson, the classroom should be a proper classroom with no interruptions such as technician and group members moving around. Regarding the attire, the students should have been better dressed as what a formal class should be. The recording of the lesson could have been better if by using one camera only with only one cameraman. That way we could avoid the unnecessary classroom interruptions with too much cameraman moving around the class. I am determined now that self-reflection in teaching involves changes in the way we usually perceive teaching and our role in the process of teaching. Teachers who explore their own teaching through critical reflection develop changes in attitudes and awareness which they believe can benefit their professional growth as teachers, as well as improve the kind of support they provide their students. Self-reflection is a valuable tool for self-evaluation and professional growth. I believe that experience alone is insufficient for professional growth, but that experience coupled with reflection can be a powerful momentum for teacher development. Self-reflection involves moving beyond a primary concern with instructional techniques and â€Å"how to† questions and asking â€Å"what† and â€Å"why† questions that regard instructions and managerial techniques not as ends in themselves, but as part of broader educational purposes. Asking â€Å"what and why† questions give us a certain power over our teaching. We could claim that the degree of autonomy and responsibility we have in our work as teachers is determined by the level of control we can exercise over our actions. In reflecting on the above kind of questions, we begin to exercise control and open up the possibility of transforming our everyday classroom life. The process Ive gone through in completing this project allows me to assess my understanding of what being a reflective teacher really means. Ive learned that the method of recording a lesson for deeper analysis is the best way to uncover information about our own teaching techniques in a lesson, information that is inaccessible through other method of self-reflection. There are several things that could have been avoided or improved regarding this project. I felt that the lesson needs to be more formal, or as similar to how a day-to-day classroom would be. In that sense, the students would be more in the mood of formal learning. I would also recommend the use of only one cameraman, as to avoid any other visual interference of the video recording, such as another cameraman moving around trying to record the lesson. After carrying out and completing this project, I learned that being a teacher is not a simple task that one can just sit back and do their job relaxingly. A good teacher needs to be determined and committed to their work in improving their teaching techniques. Self-reflection is not something to be taken lightly. It is a very important aspect of the step toward improving ones quality as a professional teacher. I understand now that the process of self reflection after teaching practice activities enables student teachers to benefit threefold, firstly, by acquiring contextual knowledge about interpretation of classroom situations; secondly, by discerning essential criteria for substantial self reflection; and lastly, by developing emergency responses for unexpected teaching challenges.

Arpanet :: essays research papers

The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In the late 1960's the U.S. military was desperately afraid of a nuclear attack from the Soviet Union. The United States formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense to establish a bombproof network to connect military bases. ARPANET's physical network was established in 1969 to enable universities and research organizations to exchange information freely. The first two nodes that formed the ARPANET were UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute, shortly after the University of Utah was added to ARPANET. The Network Control Protocol (NCP) was initially used as the ARPANET protocol, beginning in 1970. By 1971, a total of 23 hosts at 15 locations were connected to the ARPANET. The following year, the first international connections occurred, linking the University College of London (UK) and the Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) to the ARPANET. The way ARPANET was set up is so that if one of the network links became disrupted by enemy attack, the traffic on it could automatically be rerouted to other links. Fortunately, the Net rarely has come under enemy attack. In the 1970s, ARPA also sponsored further research into the applications of packet switching technologies. This included extending packet switching to ships at sea and ground mobile units and the use of radio for packet switching. Ethernet was created during the course of research into the use of radio for packet switching, and it was found that coaxial cable could support the movement of data at extremely fast rates of speed. The development of Ethernet was crucial to the growth of local area computer networks. The success of ARPANET made it difficult to manage, particularly with the large and growing number of university sites on it. So it was broken into two parts. The two parts consisted of MILNET, which had the military sites, and the new, smaller ARPANET, which had the nonmilitary sites. On January 1,1983, every machine connected to ARPANET had to use TCP/IP. TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP (old ARPANET language) completely. Thanks to TCP/IP MILNET and ARPANET remained connected through a technical scheme called IP (Internet Protocol); which enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as necessary. All the networks connected to the Internet speak IP, so they all can exchange messages. Although there were only two networks at that time, IP was designed to allow for tens of thousands of networks. An unusual fact about the IP design is that every computer on an IP network is just as capable as any other, so any

Kaiser Wilhelm II and The First World War Essay

The British postcard illustrates Kaiser Wilhelm II in a bath, where he is about to grab a bar of soap labelled â€Å"Europe†, with a caption quoting â€Å"He won’t be happy till he gets it.† This suggests he is willing to use force to capture Europe. Wilhelm is wearing a military helmet and has a greedy expression on his face, which gives us the impression he is willing to fight for what he wants. Sources B and C both differ, but both of them agree that Wilhelm’s attitude towards the war was very violent. In source B, Wilhelm’s speech seems to be taken over by his emotions: anger, aggression, passion and lots of determination. He refers to certain phrases such as â€Å"take no prisoners†, â€Å"must be destroyed† and â€Å"ruthless violence.† Words such as these show us that he wants trouble. However in source C, there is more talk of peace. It seems to be a more subdued and more thoughtful speech. â€Å"I was always a supporter of peace.† But then he goes on to say how peace â€Å"has its limits.† And he can â€Å"no longer just look on, but must draw the sword!† This giving the final conclusion that Kaisers attitude towards the war has not changed since 1900 although he has become more diplomatic. This postcard may be biased, as the British whom were about to go to war with him produced it. Britain wanted to portray him in as much negative light as possible, therefore this postcard might not be truthful. But using my own knowledge, I know that Kaiser Wilhelm II was an aggressive man who came from an aggressive country and to control Europe was his sole ambition. Also, Britain was aware of Wilhelm’s objectives and to some extent holds him responsible for the Moroccan Crises. They therefore have a good reason to portray him in this way. â€Å"The Kaiser was a warmonger and caused the Great War.† The evidence given in the sources supports this statement and also disagrees with it. Source A clearly supports this view. The cartoon shows Wilhelm greedily snatching Europe, along with the war helmet, which indicates war. Source B backs this statement too. There is no sign of peaceful man in his speech. In this he says he wants Germans to acquire a similar reputation as Attila’s Huns did in the fifth century. Attila was the King of the German tribe the Huns who ravaged Eastern Europe. But there is talk of peace in his later speech (1913), although this hopeful thought is dampened by the indications of war â€Å"Must draw the sword.† However, using my own knowledge I know that the Great War was not only the fault of Wilhelm’s, there was many other reasons. In my opinion, rivalries were the main factor, which brought about the First World War. Without rivalries, no one would have a cause to start a war. There were many rivalries; Britain and Germany; France and Germany; Austria-Hungary and Russia and Serbia and Austria. These rivalries helped to cause war between the powers of Europe because they all wanted to fight for one reason or another. Another factor was alliances. With alliances, everyone was dragged into war, whether they liked it or not. In this case, it couldn’t be avoided. And lastly, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst. This gave Austria a perfect opportunity to declare war on Serbia. With this, Austria and Serbia were at war along with their allies. It caused great destruction as most countries were involved. This is proof that the Kaiser did not cause the Great War, as you need two countries to have a war. Cause the war he did not, but a warmonger he may be.

Franchising Opportunities in McDonald

Operating since 1955, McDonalds is world’s leading food service retailer with approximately 30,000 outlets in 119 countries serving roughly 46 million customers per day. McDonalds holds a large share in the globally branded fast food restaurants practically in every country and is one of the most famous and valuable brands. Since the very beginning, McDonald has always been a franchising company with franchising as its business focus. Moreover, since it is a well established brand franchising with it will ensure business security. The company poses attractive franchising opportunities as it is spread globally franchisees can literally choose the city of their choice. The franchisee will be assured that the brand is strong and business would be steady as the brand knows how to survive through generations despite the cutthroat competition. There are advantages for the franchisee as working with a giant is lucrative and adds to personal business knowledge. McDonald takes personal interest and supports the business whether local or international especially in areas of training, operations,   advertising, marketing, human resources, real estate, construction, purchasing and maintenance. This would enable maintenance of standards and be a big support to the franchisee for running the business. The franchising process is quite flexible and attainable. A new McDonald restaurant varies from $466,000 -955,500 USD. Of course the size of the facility of the restaurant, area and locality, expenses of pre-opening, the inventory, equipment, signage, dà ©cor and the landscaping will impact the cost. An initial fee of $45,000 USD is paid to McDonald's Corporation for all new restaurants. The initial cash investment is $175,000 minimum for a conventional purchase or $100,000 for a Business Facilities Lease. However the company doesn’t offer financing to franchisees and the initial fee capital should be your own and not borrowed. This means that the franchisee has to have a solid initial capital of its own. McDonald itself will develop the location and will evaluate and select it. It acquires the property, improves the site and undertakes the construction. It is the responsibility of the franchisee to equip the facility. Once the sites are developed they are offered to prospective franchisees. This ensures that the business is set in the right place and will be lucrative and at the same time standards will be maintained. The profitably defers due to reasons like sales location of the restaurant, occupancy and the cost of operating and the individual ability of the franchisee to manage and control. 4% of monthly sales are given as royalty to the company which could at times be heavy for the franchisee. The prospects look good but from the point of view of the franchisee they may not be so. Firstly, McDonald being a world renowned firm has its exceptionally high standards of quality and services which have to be met by world standards. There is tough competition between outlets in terms of promotions and services which the franchisee has to keep up. Also, there is a heavy down payment and a royalty from monthly sales. The franchisee may not be able to open the franchise in the location of his choice. Lastly, obtaining a franchise may be difficult as there is a long wait in line. Nevertheless, because of the steady flow of business and prospective relations with a world renowned brand, franchisees choose McDonalds evident by their ever growing franchises globally. Reference [Online] Available at: http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/franchise/franchisinghome.html/