Feminism in Virginia Woolf Essay Example for Free

Women's liberation in Virginia Woolf Essay Virginia Woolf is respected to be a cutting edge scholarly figure. She was an English author and writer who was a critical symbol in London abstract society. She was an individual from the Bloomsbury gathering. Her celebrated books are â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway†, â€Å"To The Lighthouse† and â€Å"Orlando† and the exposition â€Å"A Room of One’s Own. † Contemporary women's activists see Woolf as a supporter of the development. This paper will investigate Woolf’s foundation and a portion of her attempts to raise purposes of her convictions on the issue. Experiencing childhood in London, Woolf was affected by a wide hover of Victorian culture. Her dad, Sir Leslie Stephen was a proofreader, pundit and biographer. He had conections to various British scholars including William Thackeray. Writers, for example, George Elliot, Henry James, Julia Margaret Cameron, George Henry Lewes and James Russell Lowell frequently dropped by in their home. (Labyrinth, 18, 1995) Woolf and her sister Vanessa were explicitly manhandled by their stepbrothers Gerald and George. As per present day researchers, this damaging experience set off her mental meltdowns. The passings of her mom Julia Prinsep Stephen in 1895, her relative Stella in 1897 and her dad in 1904 added salt to the injury. Woolf was regulated after her most disturbing breakdown. (Labyrinth, 20, 1995) Despite her emotional episodes, mental breakdowns and decrease in social working, Woolf’s capacities to compose remained. Biographers guarantee that Woolf’s union with Leonard Woolf was not culminated. As per them, she was a lesbian. Regardless, the couple had a tight relationship and frequently worked together in the writing business. Leonard Woolf was the distributer while Virginia Woolf was the essayist. Hogarth Press distributed a dominant part of Woolf’s works. (Labyrinth, 23, 1995) Woolf had a relationship with Vita Sackville West, an English writer and author. Their undertaking went on for a long time however thry remained companions. Different associations with ladies were Madge Vaughn (the motivation for â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway) and Violet Dickinson, a writer. There were likewise banters on whether Vanessa and Virginia additionally had a private and depraved connections or they were simply close. (Labyrinth, 24, 1995) Modern science clarifies Woolf’s issue as an instance of bipolar character. Very nearly another mental meltdown, Woolf commited self destruction by suffocating herself in the River Ouse. (Bowlby, 32, 1989) Students focusing on Woolf and her works frequently break down the lesbian and women's activist subjects in her books, expositions and short stories. For instance, â€Å"A Room of One’s Own† talks about the trouble female learned people and authors needed to experience when men had progressively monetary and lawful force. What was instore for ladies in the public eye and in instruction were obscure. This work abused the impediments, challenges and the nerves of Woolf and other ladies authors during the 1930s. (Bowlby, 35, 1989) Women scholars were reluctant to compose what they accepted to be the â€Å"truth† in light of the fact that they were anxious about the possibility that that the scholastic world, which was made up by a greater part of men, would disavow their compositions and depict it as negligible feelings. A significant issue of ladies scholars in that decade was that tehyw ere not paid attention to. There was a uniqueness among male and female essayists. The last was supposed to be second rate. (Bowlby, 29, 1989). Woolf was a lady comparatively radical. One of the focuses she needed to introduce was that a lady could be in excess of a housewife. She explained this by composing that ladies could play out the customary obligations in the family unit and have a vocation, for her situation, a creator, simultaneously. She looked at ladies who trust that the men will return home after work as items, essentially on the grounds that they meet was anticipated from them. (Lounsberry, 3, 1998) â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† talked about subjects on franticness and woman's rights through two characters †Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa speaks to financial and sexual restraint though Septimus is the solution for despondency and craziness. Septimus’ self destruction was an inference to Woolf’s consistent battle with hyper despondency. Like the character, Woolf additionally fantasized that the birdes were singing Greek. There was additionally an occasion when Woolf attempted to hurl herself out of the window, precisely the same way she composed Septimus’ demise. â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† likewise contacted cross-sexuality through Sally Seton, Clarissa’s accomplice. (Lotz, 26, 2003) â€Å"To The Lighthouse† introduced another technique on getting musings. This is Woolf’s perfect work of art and perhaps the best collection of memoirs. She recommended that by getting contemplations, the author must invest a decent measure of energy tuning in to her considerations and concentrating how her words and her feelings influence her brain with what she saw. (Lotz, 27, 2003) In request to investigate Woolf’s take on woman's rights and sexual orientation balance nearer, researchers cautiously break down Woolf’s powerful novel â€Å"Orlando. † This is a semi-true to life novel that was enlivened by Woolf’s enthusiastic relations with Sackville-West. It is the account of Orlando, a youthful English man who didn’t need to develop old. At some point, he woke up and understood that he was transformed into a lady. He despite everything had a similar keenness and same character however he had a woman’s body. (Lotz, 28, 2003) Through this work, Woolf composed a semi-life account that introduced lesbian love to its perusers. On account of the fragile topic, â€Å"Orlando† was restricted in the United Kingdom. Likewise, â€Å"Orlando† began the pattern of the verifiable classification in writing. The tale is both transgender and transgenre. (Lotz, 29, 2003) Woolf is the main dissident who competed for woman’s testimonial. Through her works, she changed the perspectives and belief systems of ladies essayists. Due to her, ladies were no longer annonymous. In particular, they were seen and their works were viewed to be as a similar level as those of male scholars. (Lounsberry, 4, 1998) She set the foundation for transformative social changes. Her convictions which she composed from 1920s to 1940 unmistakably showed a development that was making a beeline for the course for women’s testimonial rights. Woolf’s works on feminisms as demonstrated in her open letters and â€Å"A Society† surveyed the improvement of the women's activist disruption by male researchers. (Lounsberry, 5, 1998) â€Å"Three Guineas† is Woolf’s article that has the most unequivocal and clear articulation on woman's rights. It gives a fastidious and all around inquired about perception on the topic. Woolf likewise gave her relations distinctive women’s associations which share her plan. (Lotz, 30, 2003) This is Woolf’s women's activist work that is firm. She attacks the mastery and benefit of men toward ladies. The subtleties that are explained and continued from start to finish contend that ladies are as yet fit for keeping up a fervid contention which is applicable for woman's rights at that point and now. Woolf may have disregarded class and sexuality in a portion of her women's activist works since this was an issue during her time. In any case, she puts forth a valiant effort to present to her perusers her targets on why she kept in touch with her three guineas †which are democratization, training and open proficient acivity. (Lotz, 31, 2003) By examining these three guineas and the possiblity of what can occur if a lady takes on the significant jobs that are related to these, Woolf enhances the comprehension of females all over. She considers the advancement and the improvement of woman's rights by fighting the picture that had been established by guys. (Lotz, 32, 2003) Woolf’s manifestations are long, academic and complex yet when perused with a women's activist viewpoint, these are noteworthy and brings the peruser into the author’s character, feelings and convictions. On the off chance that she were alive now, she would want to be known as a humanist than a women's activist. Just on the grounds that she was not fixated on ladies, she was simply trusting that ladies would have similar rights, praises and benefits as of men. By sympathetically investigating Woolf’s women's liberation, abstract researchers stick into her sexuality and brain research that encompass and go before in the entirety of her works. She was once cited saying that ‘the triumph of learning is that it leaves something done positively for eternity. ’ She did precisely simply that †with her works and her development toward woman's rights. Works Cited Maze, John R, â€Å"Virginia Woolf: Feminism, Creativity and the Unconscious†, pp. 18 †24, Free Inquiry, Vol 15, Spring 1995 Bowlby, Rachel, â€Å"Feminist Destinations†, pp 32 †29, National Review, Vol 41, November 24, 1989 Lounsberry, Barbara, â€Å"The Tales We Tell†, pp 3 †5, New Statesman, Vol 127, January 16, 1998 Lotz, Amanda D, â€Å"Communicating Third Wave Feminism and New Social Movements†, pp 26 †32, Women and Language, , Vol 26. 2003,

Crescents - North American Chipped Stone Tool Type

Bows - North American Chipped Stone Tool Type Bows (here and there called lunates) are moon-formed chipped stone articles which are found reasonably once in a while on Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene (generally proportionate to Preclovis and Paleoindian) destinations in the Western United States. Ordinarily, bows are chipped from cryptocrystalline quartz (counting chalcedony, agate, chert, rock and jasper), despite the fact that there are models from obsidian, basalt and schist. They are balanced and cautiously pressure chipped on the two sides; ordinarily the wing tips are pointed and the edges are ground smooth. Others, called unconventionalities, keep up the general lunate shape and cautious production, however have included beautiful ruffles. Distinguishing Crescents Bows were first depicted in a 1966 article in American Antiquity by Lewis Tadlock, who characterized them as ancient rarities recuperated from Early Archaic (what Tadlock called Proto-Archaic) through Paleoindian destinations in the Great Basin, the Columbia Plateau and the Channel Islands of California. For his examination, Tadlock estimated 121 bows from 26 destinations in California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. He unequivocally connected sickles with major game chasing and assembling ways of life somewhere in the range of 7,000 and 9,000 years back, and maybe prior. He called attention to that the chipping method and crude material selection of bows are generally like Folsom, Clovis and potentially Scottsbluff shot focuses. Tadlock recorded the most punctual bows as having been utilized inside the Great Basin, he accepted they spread out from that point. Tadlock was the first to start a typology of bows, in spite of the fact that the classifications have been trem endously stretched out from that point forward, and today incorporate capricious structures. Later examinations have expanded the date of sickles, putting them solidly inside Paleoindian period. Aside from that, Tadlocks cautious thought of the size, shape, style and setting of bows has held up after over forty years. What are Crescents for? No accord has been reached among researchers with the end goal of bows. Proposed capacities for bows incorporate their utilization as butchering apparatuses, special necklaces, convenient craftsmanship, careful instruments, and transverse focuses for chasing fowls. Erlandson and Braje have contended that the most probable translation is as transverse shot focuses, with the bended edge hafted to point frontwards. In 2013, Moss and Erlandson called attention to that lunates are much of the time found in wetland conditions, and utilize that as help for lunates as having been utilized with waterfowl obtainment, specifically. enormous anatids, for example, tundra swan, more prominent white-fronted goose, snow goose and Rosss goose. They conjecture that the explanation lunates quit being utilized in the Great Basin after around 8,000 years back has to do with the way that environmental change constrained the fowls out of the district. Bows have been recouped from numerous locales, including Danger Cave (Utah), Paisley Cave #1 (Oregon), Karlo, Owens Lake, Panamint Lake (California), Lind Coulee (Washington), Dean, Fenn Cache (Idaho), Daisy Cave, Cardwell Bluffs, San Nicolas (Channel Islands). Sources This glossary section is a piece of the About.com manual for Stone Tools, and the Dictionary of Archeology. Beck C, and Jones GT. 2010. Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West. American Antiquity 75:81-90.Davis TW, Erlandson JM, Fenenga GL, and Hamm K. 2010. Chipped stone bows and the vestige of sea settlement on San Nicolas Island, Alta California. California Archeology 2(2):185-202.Erlandson JM, and Braje TJ. 2008. Five bows from Cardwell: Context and sequence of chipped stone sickles at CA-SMI-679, San Miguel Island, California. Pacific Coast Archeological Society Quarterly 40:35-45.Erlandson JM, and Jew N. 2009. An Early Maritime Biface Technology at Daisy Cave, San Miguel Island, California: Reflections on Sample Size, Site Function, and Other Issues. North American Archeologist 30(2):145-165.Erlandson JM, Rick TC, Braje TJ, Casperson M, Culleton B, Fulfrost B, Garcia T, Guthrie DA, Jew N, Kennett DJ et al. 2011. Paleoindian Seafaring, Maritime Technologies, and Coastal Foraging on California’s Channel Islan ds. Science 331(4):1181-1185. Greenery ML, and Erlandson JM. 2013. Waterfowl and Lunate Crescents in Western North America: The Archeology of the Pacific Flyway. Diary of World Prehistory 26(3):173-211. doi: 10.1007/s10963-013-9066-5Tadlock WL. 1966. Certain Crescentic Stone Objects as a Time Marker in the Western United States. American Antiquity 31(5):662-675.Walker DN, Bies MT, Surovell TA, and Frison GC. 2010. Paleoindian Portable Art from Wyoming, USA. IFRAO Pleistocene Art of the World. Ariã ¨ge - Pyrã ©nã ©es, France. p 1-15.

How to Take Effective Notes Using Mind Maps

How to Take Effective Notes Using Mind Maps To add new information to our long-term memory, we need  to  process it, comprehend it, connect it with our existing mental frameworks, and review it multiple times. The ability to take effective notes forms the  basis for this process and is, therefore, an  invaluable skill both in academic and in business contexts. Unfortunately,  most of us are never actually taught how to take effective notes. But dont worry, in this article, well introduce  you to one of the most effective note-taking methods and show you exactly how to apply it in everyday life. The Problem with Linear Notes Think about it: Throughout our academic careers, from first grade through to graduation, we are told what to learn, but the standard curriculum hardly ever includes lessons on how to learn. This is why so many students still spend their study time highlighting passages in textbooks and summarizing chapters, when research has conclusively shown that those study methods are actually the least effective. Similarly, linear notes are still the  default format for note-taking  for most people, even though its  in many ways one of the least practical formats we could possibly choose.  Here are just a few of the biggest problems with linear notes: Linear notes can be extremely  monotonous, which makes them harder to memorize. Traditional note taking often feels laborious  for us  because it bores us  mentally while it exhausts us  physically (try writing for two hours straight and then see how your writing hand feels probably not great!) Lined paper encourages us  to write whole sentences, which is unnecessarily time-consuming and results in pages upon pages of information of which only a small percentage is actually important. Linear notes dont provide a good overview of a topic. We  often waste valuable time re-reading large chunks of our  notes when looking for  individual pieces of information. Once a page has been filled, its extremely hard to add additional information to it. We  are forced to squeeze it in between the lines or add it at the bottom of the page with an asterisk. And what about taking notes in Word documents? Research has shown that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning. How to Take More Effective Notes with Mind Maps A mind map is a visual  diagram that lets you organize  your notes in a  two-dimensional  structure. As opposed to  linear notes, mind maps are usually created on a blank piece of paper or canvas, which is used in landscape mode instead of portrait. Instead of starting at the top left and filling the page until youve reached the bottom right, you start your mind map by writing the  subject or headline in  the center of the page; then you add your  notes in the form of branches that  radiate  outwards from the center. While this new way of making notes  may feel a bit odd at first, it offers a range of benefits, especially if your goal is to retain information: A mind map shows relationships, hierarchies and connections between individual pieces of information  at a glance. Mind maps  provide a great overview of a topic because they store all your notes related to that topic on one single page. Mind maps encourage you to take fewer yet more meaningful notes. While you create the map, your brain actively processes the information instead of just mindlessly transcribing it. Mind maps use a number of mental triggers such as images, icons, colors and a two-dimensional structure that help you memorize their contents. You can always go back and add more  details to your notes. Taking notes in a mind map is fun and feels more like doodling than actual work! Using mind mapping software such as MindMeister, you can also  attach additional notes, links and whole files to your map  and thus add a whole lot of information to it  without diminishing the great overview it  provides. If youve never worked with mind maps before and want a complete guide on how to get started with mind mapping, you can check out our free online mind map training on MindMeister.com. If youre already familiar with the basics, just keep reading to find out how to use mind maps to take effective notes  in different situations and contexts: 1. Live Mind Mapping at a Conference Lets say youre a marketer  attending a conference about growth hacking. Most likely, youre going for multiple reasons: to gain insights and learn new tricks from the speakers; to meet interesting people and make connections; or to join the discussion as a thought leader. A great way to do all of these things is by taking notes in a  mind map, and subsequently publishing and sharing your map. Heres how it works: Before the conference starts, create a folder in MindMeister and name it after the conference. Download the conference program and create a new, blank mind map for each of the talks. Open a mind map and create your first branch (topic) in the upper right corner. Note down the name of the speaker and add some details about him/her (such as his/her  company name, website and Twitter handle). If you can extract his/her portrait from the program, paste it into the branch as well. When a talk starts, open your prepared mind map to  take  notes, starting right below  the first branch youve already created and going clockwise around the center. Dont try to transcribe the speaker verbatim, and dont write down anything you dont actually find valuable and interesting. The goal is to have a visual summary of the key takeaways that makes sense both to yourself and someone who hasnt watched the talk yet. Instead of whole sentences, use keywords and short phrases whenever possible.  If needed, store longer explanations and details in the notes section of the topic. Indicate relationships between ideas by drawing arrows with the connection tool. Use icons, colors and font sizes to emphasize, highlight, number and group ideas. Add images to the topics, either by selecting images from the MindMeister library, by using  MindMeisters WunderBild  feature (this  instantly adds a matching image from Google),  by uploading an image from your computer or by pasting one from the internet. As soon as the talk is over and your mind map is complete publish the mind map to the web. This will automatically add it to MindMeisters Public Maps Universe. While youre at it, you can manually add it to the Biggerplate library for more exposure. To give your map even more exposure, copy the link of your public map and paste it into a new tweet. Export the map as a PNG or simply take a screenshot of it, and attach this image to the tweet as well. Lastly, add a description of the map as well as the event hashtag to it. Then tweet it. When youre back at work and want to quickly share what youve learned at the conference with your colleagues, you can either invite them to the maps  via email or turn the maps into slideshows and present them in a face-to-face meeting. If you decide to implement some of the ideas shared at the conference, you can easily export those ideas as actionable tasks into MeisterTask, MindMeisters integrated  task management system. 2. Mind Mapping a Video Cisco predicts that by 2017, videos will make up an incredible 69% of all consumer Internet traffic. Be it on YouTube or on an e-learning site such as Udemy, most of us  watch documentaries, tutorial videos, TED talks, debates and lectures online on a daily basis. But how much of this valuable information that we see on the screen do we actually remember? Even the most inspiring TED talk is easily forgotten if all we do is watch it once. Watching it multiple times may help us  remember it eventually, but really, who has the time to watch a video more than once nowadays? So heres what you can do: Instead of leaning back while you watch your next TED talk, copy the videos YouTube link and paste it into the center topic of a new, blank mind map. The video will automatically embed itself in the topic. Press the play button on the embedded video and take notes in the mind map while it plays, starting at about 1 oclock and going clockwise around the center. Then follow the same steps as outlined in the conference section. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Sir Ken Robinson: Do Schools Kill Creativity? on MindMeister. 3. Taking Notes While  Reading Many teachers are already aware that mind maps are a fantastic tool to help students improve reading comprehension. But taking notes in a map while reading is not only beneficial for students. Unless you  happen to have an incredible memory, chances are that simply reading a text is not enough if you want to remember details of its content long-term. After only weeks of finishing a book, were often left with all but a vague notion. If you want to ensure that your reading isnt just a nice activity  to  pass time, you need to come up with a system to preserve  all the valuable  ideas, insights and lessons you read, so they can  actually be utilized later on. Taking notes in a mind map while reading will help you to: gain a deeper understanding of the text make out connections you may otherwise have missed better remember what youve read refresh your memory  and look up details quickly. How to take notes in a mind map while reading For print books Create a new, blank mind map in MindMeister and write the title and author name in the center topic. Use the Google Image Search  or MindMeisters WunderBild feature to insert the cover of the book. While youre reading the first chapter, highlight those passages that you will  want to remember, for instance with a highlighter pen or by marking the passages with a pencil. When youve come to the end of the first chapter, go back to the beginning and start transcribing the highlighted passages into your mind map. Create the first topic  at about 1 oclock and go clockwise around the center. Try to stick to short phrases and single keywords in the topics of your map. You may have to shorten and rephrase sentences, but that in itself is a valuable process that will help you transfer the information into your long-term memory. It also helps to keep the mind map simple and clutter-free. If needed, store longer explanations in the notes section of the topic. Indicate relationships between ideas  with the connection tool. Use icons, colors and font sizes to emphasize, highlight and group ideas. Repeat these steps for each chapter of the book. For e-books If youre reading e-books on your Kindle or a similar e-book reader,  you can highlight  important passages in the text while youre reading it. Your highlights are all saved in the My Clippings.txt file, which you can  copy  to your computer using a USB cable once  youre finished reading. Then, all you have to do is open the file and copy-paste the individual highlights into your prepared mind map. The big advantage of this workflow is that you can comfortably read and highlight passages while youre on the go, for instance on your commute to work, and then import your highlights into the mind map when youre back in front of your computer. Take More Effective Notes See also: How to Take Effective  Meeting Minutes with Mind Maps Take Better Notes in Class Using a Mind Map

The Importance Of Reading And Writing From Old Frizzy...

Picture this: a four-year-old frizzy haired child waiting for when the clock would read 3:30, a burst of excitement running through her as she knew that in just a few minutes the front door would open and she would see her older siblings walk through. Expecting them to be ready to play, every day she was disappointed when they would put their backpacks on the dining table and take out their books freshly signed out from the school library. She would watch them read and write for what seemed like years until her mother allowed them to get changed and ready for snacks. Well, you are probably aware that the four-year-old frizzy haired child is me, and yes my mom made my siblings and I read every day after school for an hour. At the time I didn’t know that this simple event was shaping my literacy in any way. Now it comes through full circle as I realized that growing up in a household where everybody read frequently, instilled in me the value of reading and writing from an early age. My family provided me with what seemed like unlimited access to books and articles, as well as constantly enforcing the importance of reading and writing. As I grew my extracurricular reading expanded into an appreciation for literature and articles of all types, both in and out of academic settings. As I mentioned previously, throughout my toddler years I observed my siblings, and parents, taking time out of their day to read the newspaper, an article, or a novel, but I could never actively

Questions On Human Resource Management - 1730 Words

Content Contents Introduction 2 HRM in China 2 The Labour Market 2 State-owned enterprises (SOEs) 2 HR Challenges for foreign enterprises 2 1.3.1 Recruitment and selection 2 1.3.2 Training and Development 3 HRM in Japan 3 Lifelong Employment 3 A Seniority-based wage system 4 Enterprise Unions 4 Japan’s future 5 Comparing China and Japan 5 Business Etiquettes in China 5 Business Etiquette in Japan 6 Conclusion 7 Introduction Human Resource Management is one of the most important functions in an organization designed primarily for the management of people within the organization, focusing on systems and policies. Also known as HR it typically undertakes a number of activities such as employee recruitment, employee benefits, training development, rewarding and performance appraisal. With Human Resource being so complex it also faces a lot of challenges especially when the company wants to open a branch in another city/country than the home country. Most of these challenges are relating to cultural differences, fundamental differences etc. In this report we talk about two such countries namely China and Japan. We look into HRM in China and Japan and compare the similarities and differences between them. HRM in China The Labour Market The Chinese labour market has a vast pool of aging and poorly qualified candidates. The availability of young workers is declining especially of young women due the selective female fetus abortions and the cultural preference for maleShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Human Resource Management2878 Words   |  12 Pages ARISE: A Destination-for-a-Day Spa Case study analysis Rick (Yingchuan) Wang HRT 650: Human Resource Management in the Hospitality Industry Dr. Gary A. Hamilton March 4, 2015 Introduction Analysis ARISE was a Dallas-based destination spa built in May 2009 by Kristen Chambers, an entrepreneur and a devotee to spa treatment, with herself being the President and CEO. The business of ARISE was structured into two units with the VP of business operations, Sam Solti, responsibleRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management2511 Words   |  11 PagesName: Thenjiwe Chiriso. Student ID: 81488. Subject: Human resource management in the health care. Tutor: Ashley Page. Assessment 2: Literature review. Due Date: 17 April 2015. Introduction This paper is a review of literature on recruitment and selection processes. The aim of this paper is look at four research articles, some are qualitative and some are quantitative. It analyses the strength weakness of recruitment and selectionRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management1347 Words   |  6 PagesBUHRM5912 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Assignment Title: HRM functions must be integrated with each other and with strategic issues if they are to make a contribution to HR outcomes or the â€Å"bottom line† for the organisation. Discuss this statement, with reference to relevant HRM structure. Student Name: Uzair Aziz Student ID: 30131135 Lecturer/Tutor: Genna Kaur Word Count: 1700-1900 Date of Submission: 22nd August’ 2014 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 1.1 Introduction Human resource managementRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Management Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesBy: KOMAL Answer 1. Human resource Management is very important in every organization. It satisfies the needs of man power and creates an atmosphere where all employees can work together to achieve the goals of an organization. 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Nestle Group Free Essays

string(276) " way of doing business in all the countries where we are present a deep understanding of the local nature of nutrition, health and wellness; we know that there is no one single product for everyone – our products are tailored to suit tastes and habits wherever you are\." Management On Nestle International Ltd MGT: 141 Principal of management Prepared For: Afrins farid Assistant Professor Faculty, Business Administration Prepaid By: Km Iftakharul huq| 12310527| Nusrat jahan| 12310305| Estiaq hasan| 12310312| Israt sharmin| 12310217| Farzana sultana| 12310219| Rakib hasan| 12310532| University of Information Technology Science (UITS) Contents December, 12, 2012 To, Afrins farid Assistant Professor Faculty, Business Administration University Of Information Technology Science Subject: Submission of a report. Dear Madam, With due regards and respect we state that we are very thankful to you as you assigned us this report on ‘’Management in Nestle International Ltd’’. it is a great opportunity for us to acquire the theoretical practical knowledge about five functions of management in Nestle International Ltd which is a reputed multinational organization . We will write a custom essay sample on Nestle Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now we have tried our best to gather what we believe to be The most complete information available. Sincerely THE MANAGER 2. History Nestle – the world’s largest food group, not only in terms of its sales but also in terms of its product range and its geographical presence: Nestle covers nearly every field of nutrition: infant formula, milk products, chocolate and confectionery, instant coffee, ice-cream, culinary products, frozen ready-made meals, mineral water etc. We are also a major producer of pet food. In most of these product groups and in most markets, Nestle is the leader or at least a strong number two. We are a very focused Company, with more than 94 percent of the sales coming from the food and beverage sector. Nestle is present around the globe, on all continents, with around 230,000 people working in more in an 84 countries with 466 factories and with sales representatives in at least another 70 countries. Many of our brand names are familiar to you: Nescafe, Nido, Maggi, Polo, Smartest, Milo, Perrier, Friskies, KitKat, Crunch†¦. Some of our products have broken records: 3,000 cups of Nescafe are consumed every second. and KitKat merited an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records as the world’s best-selling chocolate bar with 418 KitKat fingers eaten every second around the world! Nestle management provided their employees functionally with good environment, they also influences their employees various facilities like Healthy Salaries, increments. We are acquired more experience to research and analysis this report, that help us future job performance. We create this by Microsoft office 2007. Finally, we thanked those people who are help through valuable information of as. Also thanks our honorable Teacher Afrins farid for her guideline 2. 1Background of the Report: Management is a phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organization are involved in management because it helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. We are student of BBA program, our principal of management Afrins Farid Assigned as to prepare a report on ’Management in Nestle International Ltd’’. We have made a survey for required information in Nestle official site in net. We have selected our topics as ’Management in Nestle International Ltd’’. We have prepared our report on December 07, 2012 which will be submitted by December 12, 2012. . 1. 2Objective: The report aims to provide information on suggest more valuable information a report on ‘Management on Nestle International Ltd’. The objective of Nestle is to gain more market share and become the global market leader in the Food and Nutrition industry. The company has to experience a hardship in order to sustain that position especially to stay ahead of Cadbur y. It is because that Cadbury is being acquired by Kraft food which is the world leader in the chocolate business. Nestle’s business objective, and that of management and employees at all levels, is to manufacture and market the Company’s products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, business partners and the large number of national economies in which Nestle operates; 1. 2 Management. Objectives: The report aims to provide 3Primary employee motivated effected by the Nestle International Ltd though information on suggest more valuable information to how the 1. 2. 1Scope of the study: There is a certain boundary to cover this report. Our particular report only covers on how the ‘Management on Nestle International Ltd’. we mainly focus five function of business ; managerial skills. 1. 2. 2. Limitation of the study: We are lucky enough to get change to prepare a report on ‘Management on Nestle International Ltd’. We tried heart ; soul to purpose a well-informed a report. But unfortunates we faced some difficulties’ when preparing this report. We tried to overcome the difficulties. In spite of trying our level best some difficulties that hamper our schedule report work. The employee of regional office of Bangladesh was too busy of their work. For this, they did not sufficient time to fulfill our queries and some of them neglected us to support. 1. 2. 3. Difficulty in collecting data: Many employers of the organization were not well known about all information that we asked them. Many of them also hesitated to answer the questions. These things humped the information collection. 1. INTRODUCTION Nestle with headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle and is today the world’s leading nutrition, health and wellness  Company. Sales for 2007 were CHF 107. 6 ban, with a net profit of CHF  10. 6 bn. We employ around 276  050 people and have factories or operations in almost every country in the world. The Company’s strategy is guided by several fundamental principles. Nestle’s existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. The Company’s priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. The Nestle Addresses navigation at the top of this page will give you access to Nestle offices and websites around the world. We demonstrate through our way of doing business in all the countries where we are present a deep understanding of the local nature of nutrition, health and wellness; we know that there is no one single product for everyone – our products are tailored to suit tastes and habits wherever you are. You read "Nestle Group" in category "Papers" 1. 1Nestle at a glance: Nestle S. A. Industry Food processing Founded Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866) Ferine Lactee Henri Nestle (1867) Nestle and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905) Founder(s) Henri Nestle, Charles Page, George Page * Henri Nestle endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird * protecting her young, became the Company’s logo and a symbol of the Company’s care * and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestle nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family that are so essential to life. * Headquarters Vevey, Switzerland * Area served Worldwide * Key people Peter Brabeck-Letmathe (Chairman) Paul Bulcke (CEO) * Products Baby food, coffee, dairy products, breakfast cereals, confectionery, bottled water, ice cream, pet foods) * Revenue CHF 83. 64  billion (2011) * Operating income CHF 12. 53  billion (2011) * Profit CHF 9. 487  billion (2011) * Total assets CHF 114. 09  billion (2011) * Total equity CHF 58. 27  billion (2011) * Employees 328,000 (2012) * Website www. nestle. com 1. 1. 2 KEY DATES 1866|   | Foundation of Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. | 1867|   | Henry Nestle’s Infant cereal developed| 1905|   | Nestle and Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Co. new name after merger)| 1929|   | Merger with Peter, Cailler, Kohler Chocolats Suisses S. A. | 1934|   | Launch of Milo| 1938|   | Launch of Nescafe| 1947|   | Nestle Alimentana S. A. (New name after merger with Maggi)| 1948|   | Launch of Nestea and Nesquik| 1969|   | Vittel (initially equity interest only)| 1971|   | Merger with Ursina-Franck| 1973|   | Stouffer (with Lean Cuisine)| 1 974|   | L’Oreal (associate)| 1977|   | Nestle S. A. (new company name)| |   | Alcon (2002: partial IPO)| | | | 1981|   | Galderma (joint venture with L’Oreal)| 1985|   | Carnation (with Coffee Mate and Friskies)| 986|   | Creation of Nestle Nespresso S. A. | 1988|   | Buitoni-Perugina, Rowntree (with Kit Kat)| 1990|   | Cereal Partners Worldwide (joint venture with General Mills)| 1991|   | Beverage Partners Worldwide (joint venture with Coca-Cola)| 1992|   | Perrier (with Poland Spring)| 1993|   | Creation of Nestle Sources Internationals (2002: Nestle Waters)| 1997|   | Creation of Nutrition Strategic Business Division (2006: Nestle Nutrition)| 1998|   | San Pellegrino and Spillers Pet foods| |   | Launch of Nestle Pure Life | 2000|   | Power Bar| 2001|   | Ralston Purina| 2002|   | Scholler and Chef America|   | Dairy Partners Americas (joint venture with Fonterra)|   |   | Laboratories inneov (joint venture with L’Ore al)| 2003|   | Move pick and Dreyer’s| 2005|   | Wagner, Proteika and Musashi| 2006|   | Acquisition of Uncle Toby’s and Jenny Craig. Creation of Foodservices Strategic Business Division|   |   | Lactalis Nestle Produits Frais (associate)| |   | Jenny Craig, Uncle Toby’s and Delta Ice Cream| 2007|   | Acquisition of Novartis Medical Nutrition, Gerber and Henniez. |   |   | Re-launch of Foodservices as Nestle Professional. |   |   | Partnership with luxury chocolate maker Pierre Marcolini. 1. 1. 3 Vision Beyond sound nutrition, the future of foods will increasingly be driven by science. Nestle scientists are looking ahead to the foods of the future. Nestle  RD  is translating nutrition and food science in two ways: * From consumer needs into research priorities * From emerging science into consumer benefits, and services. The vision of Nestle  RD  is long term. 1. 1. 4 Mission At Nestle, we believe that research can help us to make b etter food, so that people live better life. Good food is the primary source of good health, so we are trying to make good food. To provide fresh and pure products to the customers, we introduced (SHE) Safety, Health and environment policy to protect health of our employs and keep clean our surrounding environment. 3. Senior Management: The executive board, a distinct entity from the board of directors, includes: * Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Nestle S. A. * Paul Buckle, Chief Executive Officer, Nestle S. A. * Werner Bauer, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. , Chief Technology Officer, Head of Innovation, Technology, Research Development * Friz van Dijk, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Asia, Oceania, Africa, Middle East * Chris Johnson, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. United States of America, Canada, Latin America, Caribbean * Jose Lopez, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Operations, GLOBE * John J. Harris, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Chairman CEO of Nestle Waters * Nandu Nandkishore, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. CEO of Nestle Nutrition * James Singh, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Finance and Control, Legal, IP, Tax, Global Nestle Business Services * Laurent Freixe, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Europe * Petraea Heynike, Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Strategic Business Units, Marketing, Sales and Nespresso * Marc Caira, Deputy Executive Vice President, Nestle S. A. Head of Nestle Professional Strategic Business Division * Jean-Marc Duvoisin, Deputy Executive Vice President Nestle S. A. Head of Human Resources and Centre Administration * David P. Frick, Senior Vice President and ex officio Member of the Executive Board Brazil headquarters in Brooklin Novo, Sao Paulo According to a 2006 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestle has a reputation score of 70. 4 on a scale of 1–100. . 1. Management of Nestle Management of Nestle believes in an open door policy and highly discourages bureaucracy in the operational process. The Organization offers an international and multicultural working climate which is conducive to creativity, innovation and the development of personality, and which gives new employees responsibility at an early stage of their career, and opportunities of fast development of high performers. Nestle is a human company where people are the most important asset and where they can develop their personality and skills to their own and their families’ satisfaction. Nestle offers a competitive compensation package and social benefits in line with Nestle’s commitment to high standards. In addition, the organization offers progressive development through on-going training throughout your career. Training possibilities are available to all staff. Nestle recently introduced e-learning in Bangladesh, a web-based programmed for self development. When joining Nestle, your training is not over – it is only just the beginning Management is defined as the process of setting and achieving goals through the execution of 5 basic management functions that utilize human, financial and material resources. Efficiently means using resources optimally / best possible use * Effectively means getting the things done/making right decision and implementation 4. PLANNING Planning of Nestle: Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next five years, etc. ) and generating plans for action. * Dec ision Making and the Planning Process Strategic goals Strategic plans Tactical goals Operational goals Operational plans The organization’s mission The Environmental Context †¢ Purpose †¢ Premises †¢ Values †¢ Directions Tactical plans Kinds of organization plan * Strategic Plans * A general plan outlining resource allocation, priorities, and action steps to achieve strategic goals. The plans are set by and for top management. * Tactical Plans * A plan aimed at achieving the tactical goals set by and for middle management. * Operational Plans * Plans that have a short-term focus. These plans are set by and for lower-level managers. 4. 1. 1 Time frame for planning * The Time Dimension of Planning * Is based on the principle of commitment. Planning must provide sufficient time to fulfill the managerial commitments involved. Long-range Plans * Cover present and future strategic issues; normally extend beyond five years in the future. * Intermediate Plans * Usually cover from 1 to 5 years and parallel tactical plans. * Are the principal focuses of organizational planning efforts. * Short-range Plans * Have a time frame of one year or less. * include action plans and reaction (contingency) plan 4. 1. 2Planning Staff * P lanning staff personnel gather information, coordinate planning activities, and take a broader view than individual managers. * Planning Task Force * Created when the organization wants special circumstance addressed. * Board of Directors * Establishes corporate mission and strategy. May engage in strategic planning * Chief Executive Officer * Usually serves as president or chair of the board of directors. Has a major role in the planning process and implements the strategy 4. 1. 3. B arrier to goal setting and planning: 4. 1. 4Policies and strategies in the planning process * They give mid and lower-level managers a good idea of the future plans for each department in an organization. * A framework is created whereby plans and decisions are made. Mid and lower-level management may add their own plans to the business’s strategies.. Organizing: (Implementation)pattern of relationships among workers, making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans. Nestle has a Board of Directors, led by our Chairman Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, who was the former Nestle CEO. There are 14 members of the Board of Directors. Full details of each member and the committees that they operate within can be found in our Board of Directors section. The day to day management of the Nestle business is taken care of by our Executive Board members. The 13 designated Board Members manage diverse parts of the global business and a full curriculum vital of each member can be found in the Executive Board section. In addition to how our managers carry out their work as leaders, Nestle pragmatically implements The following organizational principles: †¢ Being as decentralized as possible to optimally respond to the needs of consumers, within the framework defined by our fundamental policies, strategic directions and operational efficiencies †¢ Ensuring collaboration of all Nestle businesses and compliance with Nestle principles, policies And standards (Nestle in the Market approach) Building and maintaining a structure which assures operational speed, with a strong focus on results and removing unnecessary obstacles. †¢ Establishing flat and flexible organizations with minimal levels of management and broad spans of control, which also enable people development. †¢ Setting a shared vision and common goals to lever age the strength of people and organizational alignment. †¢ Defining clear levels of responsibility. Teamwork does not affect the manager’s duty towards his/her people and business results . A team must always have a leader who assumes full responsibility 4. 2. 1. A Mutual commitment: Living up to the Nestle Management and Leadership Principles is a commitment and a responsibility for everyone in our Company. To be effective, engaging and inspiring, all Nestle people must â€Å"walk the talk† and lead by example in their daily work; in this context, actions speak louder than words. Therefore, at Nestle, in addition to professional skills – and regardless of origin, nationality, religion, race, gender, sexual orientation and age – the capacity and willingness to live up to these principles are the key criteria’s for progressing within the organization 5. Staffing: Job analysis, recruitment and hiring for appropriate jobs. Staffing involves: -Manpower planning -Recruitment selection ; placement -training ; development 5. 1. Training: Process of altering employee behavior ; attitudes in a way that increases the probability of goal attainment * The most common topics covered in cultural training include: Social| history | Politics| Business| customs| Economics| | | | | Training and development is the field which is concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of individuals and groups in organizational  settings. It has been known by several names, including  employee development,  human resource development, and  learning and development. Major types of cross-cultural training programs Environmental Briefings Cultural Orientation Language Training Cultural Assimilators Sensitivity Training Field Experience Orientation ; Training Programs at Nestle Formal Orientation Local Training International Training Literacy Training Nestle Apprenticeship Program International Training Nestle’s success in growing local companies in each country has been highly influenced by the functioning of its international Training Centre, Switzerland. International Training: Classes are carefully composed to include people with a range of geographic and functional backgrounds. Typically a class contains 15–20 nationalities. The Centre delivers some 70 courses. Attended by about 1700 managers each year from over 80 countries. Only 25% of the teaching is done by outside professionals, as the primary faculty is the Nestle senior management. Its providing services for over 30 years. Managers from around the world to learn from senior Nestle managers and from each other. Country managers decide who attends which course. The programs can be broadly divided into two groups: 1. Management courses 2. Executive courses Training and trainer around the world: Local 1. DMBP: Distribution Management Best Practice. Trainer: Anirban Basu, Nestle India. 2. FMBP: Field Management Best Practice. Trainer: Ziaul Hafiz, Nestle Bangladesh. 3. DMBP plus: Distribution Management Best Practice. Trainer: Anirban Basu, Nestle India. Managing Partner: Good to Better. Trainer: Anirban Basu, Nestle India. International 1. SDS: SAR (South Asian Region) Distributor Solution (Distribution Management System), Chennai, India, 2009. 5. 2Findings ; Recommendation Nestle said that from the factory floor to the top management, training at Nestle is continuous. And because it is mainly given by Nestle people, it is always relevant to your professional life. Approach is unique in many ways: * It reflects the company’s decentralized nature. Whichever country you are working in, you will be given the knowledge and tools you need to respond to local needs * It encourages you to broaden your horizons, by working with people from many different countries and cultures in the course of your career For international assignment Preliminary Visits Preliminary trip of host country Accept or reject the assignment based on experience Language Training Host country language skills and adjustment: improves expatriate’s effectiveness and negotiating ability, info of host country, social support * Role of English language Knowledge of corporate language: a common company language –English Practical Assistance Adaptation to new environment, assist in relocation 6. Leading/directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it. Nestle managers at all levels are more with leading and inspiring people to add value to the Company and society rather than with exercising formal authority. This ca lls for a high personal commitment of each employee and a common mindset geared towards results. In an increasingly dynamic world, leaders face Significant challenges and opportunities. These stem from shifts to new social patterns and unprecedented worldwide competition. Achieving ongoing success requires that each Nestle leader understands the context and capitalizes on it, as described in the following principles: Lead to win †¢ Has built credibility as a result of coherent action, leadership and achievement. †¢ Is able to think from different perspectives and to create a climate of innovation. This implies openness to risk and the possibility of making mistakes, but also the willingness to correct and learn from them. †¢ Believes in the importance of alignment and management of expectations. Has broad interests, a good general Education, responsible behavior as well as a balanced lifestyle. Manage for results †¢ Embraces personal commitment and courage in execution. This includes the capacity and the willingness to take initiatives and risks while maintaining composure under pressure. †¢ Values proactive cooperation in order to create sy nergies at local, regional and global levels. †¢ Embraces change and is able to implement it and manage its consequences. †¢ Believes in achieving business objectives rooted in compliance and sustainable practices. Grow talent and teams Has a passion for building and sustaining an environment where people have a sense of personal commitment to their work and give their best to promote our Company’s success. †¢ Cares for and develops the leaders of tomorrow through addressing all areas that Allow them to progress in their work and to expand their capabilities. †¢ Understands the importance of continuous learning and improvement, as well as sharing knowledge and ideas freely with others. †¢ Is committed to giving and receiving honest, accurate and timely feedback, including performance evaluation, in a climate of mutual respect . Believes in the importance of building diverse teams, and promotes the advantages of gender balance. Compete and connect exte rnally †¢ Constantly looks for ways to satisfy our consumers and customers while attracting new ones in unique and compelling ways. †¢ Displays curiosity and open-mindedness as well as a high level of interest in other cultures and lifestyles. †¢ Believes in openness and dialogue with outside stakeholders about future trends in society, technology, consumer habits, and business opportunities. Understands the external impact of our operations and, as a result, proactively seeks to engage and partner with the community, authorities, shareholders and other stakeholders. Strategic leadership To force the businesses to become more efficent To crete a regional manufacturing network To integrate the company ‘s business on a global scale 7. Controlling/monitoring: * Types of Controls 1. Areas of Control 1. Physical resources—inventory management, quality control, and equipment control. 2. Human resources—selection and placement, training and development, p erformance appraisal, and compensation. . Information resources—sales and marketing forecasts, environmental analysis, public relations, production scheduling, and economic forecasting. 4. Financial resources—managing capital funds and cash flow, collection and payment of debts. Strategic control Structural control Operations control Financial control * The Purpose of Control 2. Control is one of the four basic management functions. The control function, in turn, has four basic purposes. Adapt to environmental change Limit the accumulation of error Control helps the organization Cope with organizational complexity Minimize costs Steps of controlling process: Establish standards Measure performance Compare performance against standards Maintain the status quo Correct the deviation Change standards Determine need for corrective action 2 1 4 3 Checking progress against plans. 1. The regulation of organizational activities so that some targeted element of performance remains within acceptable limits. 2. Provides organizations with indications of how well they are performing in relation to their goals. 3. Control provides a mechanism for adjusting performance to keep organizations moving in the right direction. Basic roles Category Role Example Interpersonal Figure head Leader Liaison Representing the org. Motivating employees Coordinating activities Informational Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson Scanning industry reports Sending memos Making speech Decisional Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator Developing new ideas Resolving conflict Examining budgets Pursuing agreements * Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees. * Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information. * Decisional: roles that require decision-making. 8. Management skills: * Political: used to build a power base and establish connections. * Conceptual: used to analyze complex situations. A conceptual skill is the ability to imagine the integration and coordination of the parts of an organization – all its processes and systems. A manager needs conceptual skills to see how factors are interrelated, to understand the impact of any action on the other aspects of the organization and to plan long range. * Interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate. * Diagnostic: ability to visualize most appropriate response to a situation. Technical: Expertise in one’s particular functional area. Technical skills are the knowledge of and ability to use the processes, practices, techniques or tools of a specialty responsibility area. E. g. accountants, engineers, salespersons, etc. Implementation of policies and strategies * All policies and strategies must be discussed with all managerial personnel and staff. * Manag ers must understand where and how they can implement their policies and strategies. * A plan of action must be devised for each department. * Policies and strategies must be reviewed regularly. Contingency plans must be devised in case the environment changes. * Assessments of progress ought to be carried out regularly by top-level managers. * A good environment and team spirit is required within the business. * The missions, objectives, strengths and weaknesses of each department must be analyzed to determine their roles in achieving the business’s mission. * The forecasting method develops a reliable picture of the business’s future environment. * A planning unit must be created to ensure that all plans are consistent and that policies and strategies are aimed at achieving the same mission and objectives. . Levels of management Most organizations have three management levels: first-level, middle-level, and top-level managers. [These managers are classified in a hiera rchy of authority, and perform different tasks. In many organizations, the number of managers in every level resembles a pyramid. Each level is explained below in specifications of their different responsibilities and likely job titles. 9. 1. Top-level managers Consists of board of directors, president, vice-president, CEOs, etc. They are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business. In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable to the shareholders and general public. According to Lawrence S. Kleiman, the following skills are needed at the top managerial level * Broadened understanding of how: competition, world economies, politics, and social trends effect organizational effectiveness. The role of the top management can be summarized as follows – * Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise. It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc. * It prepares strategic plans ; policies for the enterprise. * It appoints the executive for middle level i. e. departmental managers. * It controls ; coordinates the activities of all the departments. * It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world. * It provides guidance and direction. * The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise. 9. 1. 1Middle-level managers Consist of general managers, branch managers and department managers. They are accountable to the top management for their department’s function. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. Their roles can be emphasized as executing organizational plans in conformance with the company’s policies and the objectives of the top management, they define and discuss information and policies from top management to lower management, and most importantly they inspire and provide guidance to lower level managers towards better performance. Some of their functions are as follows: * Designing and implementing effective group and intergroup work and information systems. Defining and monitoring group-level performance indicators. * Diagnosing and resolving problems within and among work groups. * Designing and implementing reward systems supporting cooperative behavior. 9. 1. 2. First-level managers Consist of supervisors, section leads, foremen, etc. They focus on controlling and directing. They usually have the responsibility o f assigning employees tasks, guiding and supervising employees on day-to-day activities, ensuring quality and quantity production, making recommendations, suggestions, and up channeling employee problems, etc. First-level managers are role models for employees that provide: * Basic supervision. * Motivation. * Career planning. * Performance feedback. Factors that influence a manager to fit in one of the style: * The task that is being undertaken * The traditions of the organization * The type of Labor Force * The size of the group * The personality of the Leader * Personalities * Time 10. The Nestle factories are operating in the region of: 1. Africa 2. America 3. Asia 4. Europe 5. Oceania Being a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestle remains ensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and matching new trends such as growing out-of-home consumption and caring about the wellbeing of its consumers. * Zone Asia, Oceania and Africa ; 6. 6% organic growth, strong performance in most emerging markets ; Japan continued to suffer deflation but achieved positive RIG, With good performances in Soluble coffee and Chocolate ; China slow due to product exchange in Dairy, but on improving trend ; South Asia, Africa and Middle East amongst the highlights 0. 1Nestle Focus in Bangladesh Nestle is the world’s leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company. In Bangladesh we have Maggi noodles and soups, breakfast cereal, Nescafe, coffee mate, baby food, milk and a seasoning. However, worldwide we have more than 10000 products in different variants. As of today, we employ over 276,000 people across more than 500 state-of-the-art facilities around the world. But it was never our ambition to be the biggest at what we do – it was our ambition to be the best. That sums up what we mean by Nestle Focus. It means we also appreciate that size and success are nothing without the finer details – such as genuine care for our consumers, a commitment to our people and a wider sense of responsibility towards our customers, suppliers and our communities. When you work for us, you’ll see the difference that makes at every stage. It will mean becoming part of an organization which can offer you subsidiary of Nestle S. A. whatever you want from your career. Nestle Bangladesh Limited started its first commercial production in Bangladesh in 1994. In 1998. Nestle S. A. ook over the remaining 40% share from our local partner when Nestle Bangladesh became a fully owned Nestle Bangladesh’s vision is to be recognized as the most successful food and drink Company in Bangladesh, generating sustainable, profitable growth and continuously improving results to the benefit of shareholders and employees. Our factory is situated at Sripur, 55 km north of Dhaka, the factory produces instan t noodles, cereals and repacks milks, soups, beverages and infant nutrition products. Today Nestle Bangladesh Ltd. is a strongly positioned organization. The Company will continue to grow through our policy of constant innovation and renovation, concentrating on our core competencies and our commitment to high quality, with the aim of providing the best quality food to the people of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, Nestle started its operation in 1994 and its factory is situated in Sreepur, Gazipur. Nestle Bangladesh directly employs more than 650 people and more than 1000 people are employed by suppliers and distributors in connection to Nestle. Our products in Bangladesh are Nido, Nescafe, Maggi noodles and soup, breakfast Cereals, Coffee-Mate, Nestea, Nesfruta ,Nesfrappe and many more. Nestle is present around the globe, on all continents, with around 230,000 people working in more in an 84 countries with 466 factories and with sales representatives in at least another 70 countries. Nestle is the world’s largest food group, not only in terms of its sales but also in terms of its product range and its geographical presence. Nestle covers nearly every field of nutrition: infant formula, milk products, chocolate and confectionery, instant coffee, ice-cream, culinary products, frozen ready-made meals, mineral water etc. Nestle is a focused company, with more than 94 percent of the sales coming from the food and beverage sector. Did you know 3,000 cups of Nescafe are consumed every second? KitKat merited an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records as the world’s best-selling chocolate bar with 418 KitKat fingers eaten every second around the world! 10. 2 Selected awards, certifications and rankings * In May 2006, Nestle’s executive board decided to adapt the existing Nestle management systems to full conformity with the international standards ISO 14001 (Environmental Management Systems) and OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems), and to certify all Nestle factories against these standards by 2010. In the meanwhile a lot of the Nestle factories have obtained these certifications. For instance, Nestle’s three factories in Japan (Himeji factory: Hyogo Prefecture, Shimada factory: Shizuoka Prefecture and Kasumigaura factory: Ibaraki Prefecture) have each obtained ISO standard certifications: ISO14001, ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management Systems) and OHSAS 18001 as of the end of December, 2008. * In 2009, Nestle Waters earned a sixth LEED certification. The certification was given by the U. S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design which the company become its first recipient. It highlights the environmentally conscious elements of the facility which enables them to receive the certification. * Nestle Purina received in 2010 the Malcolm Balding National Quality Award for their excellence in the areas of leadership, customer and market focus, strategic planning, process management, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, workforce focus and results * In September 2011, Nestle occupied 19th position in the Universal’s global ranking of Best Employers Worldwide. According to a survey by Universal Communications Nestle was in 2011 the best employer to work for in Switzerland. Based on independent research by the Corporate Research Foundation Institute, Nestle (South Africa) has been certified in 2011 as a Best Employer in South Africa. * Nestle USA has been recognized by Business Week magazine as one of the â€Å"Best Places to Launch a Career. † Business Week ranked Nestle USA #25 on their annual list of the best companies for new colleg e graduates to launch their careers. * For the twelfth consecutive year, Fortune Magazine included in 2011 Nestle in their list of The 10 Most Admired Companies in the World. Nestle won in 2011 the Stockholm Industry Water Award for its leadership and performance to improve water management in its internal operations and throughout its supply chain. * The International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) honored Nestle in 2010 with the Global Food Industry Award. * In May 2011, Nestle won the 27th World Environment Center (WEC) Gold Medal award for its commitment to environmental sustainability. * In 2011, Nestle Malaysia won an award of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants for their Sustainability Reporting. On 19 April 2012, The Great Place to Work ® Institute Canada mentioned Nestle Canada Inc. as one of the ’50 Best Large and Multinational Workplaces’ in Canada (with more than 1,000 employees working in Canada and/or worldwide). * In April 2012, Nestle obtained an A+ rating from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for their global annual report on Creating Shared Value. To reach A+ the company provided new data in their annual report on a number of criteria such as human rights, diversity and gender, climate change, biodiversity and corruption. Nestle was the first food and Beverage Company to achieve an A+ rating from the GRI for a global sustainability report. * On 21 May 2012, Gartner published their annual Supply Chain Top 25, a list with global supply chain leaders. Nestle ranks 18th in the list. Address: Nestle Bangladesh Ltd. Address: Gulshan Tower, Plot # 31, Road # 53, Gulshan North C/A City:Dhaka Location:Gulshan Phone:+880-2-9882759 Ext-255 Category: Milk Products Produce: For tetra Ltd 9, Prince Street P. O. Box-92032 Oakland, Newlands Nestle consumer service Post box no-11037, Uttra,Dhaka Care line number: 01730637853 0800217777 e-mail:concumer. service@bd. nestle. com How to cite Nestle Group, Papers

Low Carbohydrate Diets VS Low Fat Diets free essay sample

Concerning weight loss, there are countless varieties of diets, swearing to be the most effective, innovative, easiest, and fastest, leaving us confused; running down a path of failure to loosing the weight permanently. Unfortunately, loosing weight is a challenge, but the opportunity of success is much closer than you think. No matter what type of diet you are on, it is important to know that diets usually make you go on a program that is either low carbohydrate or low fat. Following the specific rules of a low carbohydrate diet or a low fat diet will allow you to lose an effective amount of weight. The first step to losing the weight is writing down everything you eat and keeping track of the calories you are taking in. Keeping in mind that consuming more calories than you burn will result in weight gain, and vise versa. Foods that contain carbohydrates are: bread, rice, wheat, flour, biscuits, pasta and anything that contains â€Å"SUGAR†. We will write a custom essay sample on Low Carbohydrate Diets VS Low Fat Diets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Foods that contain fats are: meat, fish, chicken skin, milk, nuts, cheese, mayonnaise, pork, and anything that is dense (containing Vitamin A, D, E, and K). Unfortunately, to many people have the misconception of the good and the bad of fat and carbohydrates. In attribute to your health and wellness, it is a concern that both elements, fats and carbohydrates, are extremely vital for your body. There are the â€Å"bad fats† called trans fat, and, â€Å"bad carbs† which come from sodas, sugar, processed and refined foods. A low fat diet is a diet that holds a minimum of fat, supremely cholesterol and saturated fat, which accelerates chances of raising blood cholesterol levels and having a heart attack. Conversely, a low carbohydrate diet is a program that restricts all carbohydrate consumption, and replaces it with higher percentage of fats and lean protein containing Omega 3, which are essential for the heart and immune system. A low carbohydrate is often used to combat obesity. More than half of the US Population is overweight and obese. Unfortunately, the pros and cons of a low carbohydrate and a low fat  diet are inevitable. Not all diets works for everyone, since we all have our own body composition and react to foods a certain way. As a result, in order to help you find what is best for your body, here is what you should know about low fat and low carbs diet: A low fat diet has a hidden ability of cutting down calories in pursuance of better managing your weight. Considering fat serves up more than double the amount per gram (9 calories) as oppose to protein and carbohydrates (4 calories per each gram), subsequently, it will implement further caloric burning for your efforts. The best way to eat a low fat diet is by consuming as much fruits and vegetables as possible. Low fat diets may too reduce your risk of having heart disease and decrease cholesterol majorly. For the cons of this diet, reducing saturated fats too dramatically can also can be unhealthy, and cause lack of dietary nutrients, essentially: Vitamin B, Zinc, and needful fatty acids that your body requires. Furthermore, an overweight person following a diet that is low in fat and high in carbohydrate is capable of increasing fat in the blood, resulting in a decrease of the â€Å"good† HDL cholesterol. Accompanying with the low carbohydrate diet, this dietary plan focuses on the diminishing carbs while increasing fats and proteins. The positive side of a low carbohydrate diet is most notably how it lowers blood pressure and increases fat loss. However, it may also burn muscle tissue and have a deficiency in important nutrients and constitutive fiber the body craves. Respectively, low fat and low carb diets will make you loose weight, but because of the consequences, neither diet should be used long-term. As tough as it may sound, losing weight effectively comes with an exercise regimen. It is essential for your body to burn off calories and fat through sweat. Sweat plays a critical role in releasing all the toxins and extra water weight out of your body. Therefore, exercising in accompany with your diet will significantly boost your metabolism, shape your body, burn extra fat, increase energy levels, focus, and accentuate greatly your health and wellness. Fun ways to exercise is participating in gym classes, dancing, and playing sports such as tennis, swimming, football, and anything that may  appeal to make you enjoy yourself. The principal key of going on a diet is not thinking about experiencing a diet, but instead, introducing your mind to new things, staying out of the kitchen and keeping yourself busy throughout the day. Using meditation and yoga will also help train your brain to relax, relieve any type of stress, forget about all the problems, and just focus on the present. Having a cheat day is considered unquestionably normal when on a diet. Allowing yourself to eat anything you want is surprisingly beneficial for weight loss because it makes you feel contempt and rewarded of all the hard work you’ve already done. A tip for cheat days Is consuming the food as early in the day as possible that way it leaves your body more time to digest it. Keep in mind: don’t consume anything 3 to 4 hours before going to sleep, and any sugar consumed after 5:30 pm will result as fat storing in the body. Assuredly, following a low carbohydrate or a low fat diet will make you lose weight in a short amount of time while keeping the causes and effects in mind. It is a diet specified for quick and effective weight loss, not meant to be long-term. Not to forget creating an agenda of your food consumption daily, allowing a cheat day, and incorporating an exercise and mediation regimen. Considering both diets and knowing what type of food you prefer, you’ll eventually know what is more adapted for you.

Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essays

Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essays Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essay Does Singapore Government Really Care Social Work Essay Since the 1980s Singapore authorities has started to recognize that the population is acquiring older. Statisticss have shown that by 2030 the aged in Singapore will treble to about 900,000. The steps taken by the authorities includes making elder-friendly installations and comfortss in every lodging estate. Recently, the authorities has besides looked into the employability of the aged who wish to go on working. Housing and Development Board ( HDB ) , Ministry of Manpower ( MOM ) and Ministry of Social and Family Development ( MSF ) are the authorities bureaus which have direct impact on every older individual in Singapore. Aged bend to HDB, MOM and MSF for their lodging, work and public assistance issues severally. These authorities bureaus are viewed as the faces of the authorities. Housing policies have been tuned to the publicity of societal integrating of our seniors by non segregating them from the remainder of the population so that they could age in topographic point . HDB has put in attempts to make barrier-free handiness in the reinforced environment to promote mobility of the aged. A scope of health care and eldercare programmes and services have been rolled out to back up caregiving and let aged to be engaged in the society. The authorities besides recognised the desirableness of employment and employability of the aged for their fiscal security. Although lodging policies and programmes are in topographic point to look into the countries like easing the common attention and support by the households of the older occupants, we feel a sense that the authorities is taking for a strong accent on the person and household autonomy. Harmonizing to the HDB, the assorted strategies rolled out by them are meant to assist the aged to age in topographic point and to let them to hold intergeneration adhering with their households. One of the steps taken by the HDB is by raising the higher-income ceiling for drawn-out households to purchase subsidised HDB flats to advance intergeneration bonding. However, many of such applications have turned out to be simply investing for the younger household members and there is no statistics to demo that how many elderly have benefited from this strategy. This is particularly true when the recent launching of the Executive Condominiums ( EC ) bing 1000000s of dollars by the private developers. HDB besides launched the Married Child Priority Scheme and Higher-tier CPF Housing Grant to promote married kids to remain with or near their parents. On paper, this strategy would profit the aged as their kids are nearby so that whenever they need aid, their kids would be at that place for them. However, this has in fact benefited the younger coevals as they could acquire a grant of up to $ 30,000 if they opted to populate nearer to their aged parents. The purpose by the HDB is good but the younger coevals will believe otherwise. They will take advantage of the pecuniary addition and subsequently do a net income from the sale and travel someplace else. Ultimately, non many of the kids would be populating near their parents when they are truly in demand of their aid. We are besides non certain how the intergenerational relationship of these households even though they are still populating nearby. Another similar strategy is the Higher-tier Singles Grant which is given to promote sing les to populate with their parents. There is no statistics to demo that whether the aged are still remaining with their individual kid after they have collected the flats. HDB has implemented the Monetisation options to enable aged to unlock place equity for retirement income. For those with alternate topographic point to remain e.g. with kids, other relations or with another belongings, they may take to sell their flats to recognize the full lodging equity for retirement demands. Another option will be to sublease their flats under HDB s Approved Subletting Scheme. HDB besides encourages the aged to downgrade by selling their bing flats and purchasing a smaller 1. HDB has resumed constructing 3-room and 2-room flats in 2004 and 2006, severally. This is to promote the higher proportion of aged families purchasing little flats than that for larger flats. Aged are besides encouraged to travel to Studio Apartment ( SA ) which are located nearer to comfortss such as market, nutrient Centres and the easy handiness of public conveyance. In add-on, the HDB has besides rolled out the Lease Buyback Scheme in 2009 to assist the aged aged 62 and above life in 2 o r 3-room flats to monetise their level value whereby they could have monthly income and go on to populate in same level, community and environment. However, all these strategies merely help those who have their flats and who have adequate hard currency to purchase the SA but non those who do non have any belongings or those who are disadvantaged. They are left to fend for themselves and hold to seek aid from assorted public assistance administrations. Harmonizing to the HDB study, they have been turn overing out the Undertaking LIFE ( Lift Improvement A ; Facilities Enhancement for Elderly ) since 1998 to heighten the mobility of the aged. This undertaking has been rolled out in phases and the mark completion of the whole undertaking will be in 2014. The strategy has taken such a long clip to finish has made us inquire what went incorrect with the executing of the undertaking. It has been reported that the HDB has been dragging its pess in the implementing of the strategy to assorted estates based on their petition and demands. HDB has besides politicized this strategy by non offering the life upgrading to certain wards because they are under different political party or their Town Councils ( TC ) have non made any formal petition. If any aged happened to be populating in a ward run by a different political party or the TC has non made any formal petition, so they would hold to go on walking up their stepss as their precedence wo uld be last. Recently, HDB has besides looked into the betterment of the life environment for less comfortable aged in rental flats. It has been reported that lifts have been modified to halt on every floor, where possible. Non-slip floor tiles, support manus saloon in lavatory, alarm dismay system, etc. are installed in all rental flats. In fact, all these fixtures were eventually put up after legion ailments by the aged life in those flats and the public assistance administrations looking after that country have voiced their concern of the safety of the aged life in those rental flats. Several public assistance orgainisations have reported that before the upgrading the aged life in those rental flats were less nomadic and needed more aid and were frequently neglected. With all these strategies in topographic point, HDB has projected to the state as a caring authorities section for the aged. HDB needs to recognize that there are loopholes in their old strategies and non many elderly have benefited from those strategies. They are traveling to rectify their old errors by establishing another strategy under the Integrated Studio Apartments ( ISA ) which comes with elderly-friendly characteristics and infinites provided for societal and community installations. These ISA are being integrated with larger HDB flats for better occupant mix of immature and old and to ease more societal interaction. Children can purchase larger level types in same block to populate near parents. Since this is a reasonably new strategy, we have yet to see the result of the undertaking. HDB and the TC are in the procedure of doing public lodging environment barrier-free. Ramps and linkways to ease wheelchair entree are being planned and built. All these installations were projected to be completed by 2011. However, non all the lodging estates benefited from this environment barrier-free undertaking. Again the HDB was seen to politicise this undertaking by offering to certain estates where the Members of Parliament ( MP ) have made the petition. HDB and TC have non been seen as merely giving lip service and non pre-emptive plenty to supply senior friendly installations to the estates. Many lodging estates are still waiting thirstily for the undertakings to make their door stairss. HDB and TC are still dragging their pess in the execution of this undertaking even though we are already in 2013. Although HDB and the TC have been stressing that they will go on to measure and modify the lodging landscape in expectancy of demographic alterations and lifestyle demands, they have non done good in this country. They need to seek for new lodging signifiers to provide to the aged in the close hereafter and demand to work closely with other bureaus and administrations to supply community-based attention and support services to the aged. On the employment forepart, in 2011 Budget, Ministry of Manpower ( MOM ) seems to hold done a great occupation by turn overing out the Particular Employment Credit ( SEC ) to make a hard currency inducement for employers to use older workers. This SEC will enable the employers to have reimbursement of hard currency for the employment of aged if they wish to use any older worker. Under the SEC commissariats, the employer would have six-monthly reimbursements numbering 8 % of each of the older worker s part to the Central Provident Fund ( CPF ) over the twelvemonth. Hence, the employer would merely hold to pay the other half of the parts. The SEC is to promote the employment of the older low-wage workers. This is to complement other steps to hike the employment rate of older workers. The SEC strategy was enhanced in Singapore s 2012 Budget to enable an even bigger pool of older workers to measure up. However, this strategy merely benefited a little pool of aged who are still fit to wor k. Those who are frail would non acquire anything from this strategy. The authorities current system is still stressing on the minimum province outgo and in promoting of a strong work moral principle. However, the authorities does non recognize that there would be societal costs like many disadvantaged aged slipping through the spreads. It appears that the system fails to supply an equal safety cyberspace for the aged who are hapless and entirely, the aged unemployed, the handicapped aged and many unsupported older people. Sad to state, our authorities will merely supply the basic societal aid philanthropically, but non an entitlement footing. This is true to our Public Assistance Scheme which is limited via rigorous standards to merely those deserving individuals or households populating in acute poorness who are unable to work due to old age, unwellness or disablement and have no household member able to help. Our quickly ageing population and holding a big proportion of disadvantaged aged has created a vacuity in our wellness attention and other societal outgo. Although the authorities has assured that the aged will acquire immense subsidy for their medical attention, most of the aged prefer to remain off from the infirmaries in order non to burthen their kids with the high medical cost. Although the authorities late announced a $ 20 million addition in passing on specialist professional societal workers to supply more effectual aid to needy elderly, there are non many takers who are willing to function in the societal service or public assistance administrations where they could acquire better work environment and wages in other sectors. Overall the authorities has done a just spot to assist the aged. But we feel that the authorities is still fearful to dunk deeper into their pockets to supply more aid for the aged fearing that more would look to the authorities for aid. Hence, the authorities is merely giving lip service in several countries and still keep their base on single and household autonomy no affair how disadvantaged you are. The authorities will go on to maintain their custodies off on any province public assistance on the aged. It has been a pattern since and the authorities will non alter their accent on the communal duty for back uping the aged who are disadvantaged and entirely. It would look that although our authorities has recognized grounds of increasing adversity amongst the aged, they are still loath to dunk into their pockets for a public assistance safety cyberspace.

Atomic Number 3 Element Facts

Atomic Number 3 Element Facts Lithium is the element that is atomic number 3 on the periodic table. These means each atom contains 3 protons. Lithium is a soft, silvery, light alkali metal  denoted with the symbol Li. Here are interesting facts about atomic number 3: Lithium is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element at ordinary temperature and pressure. The density of the solid near room temperature is 0.534  g/cm3. This means it not only floats on water, but is only about half as dense as it. It is so light, it can even float on oil. It also has the highest specific heat capacity of a solid element. Element number 3 has the highest melting point and boiling point of the alkali metals.Element number 3 is soft enough to cut with shears. Freshly cut metal is silver-colored, with a metallic luster. However, moist air quickly corrodes the metal, turning it dull gray and finally black.Among its uses, lithium is used in medications for bipolar disorder, to make lithium ion batteries, and to add a red color to fireworks. Its also used in glass and ceramics and to make high temperature lubricant grease. It is a coolant in breeder reactors and a source of tritium when atomic number 3 is bombarded with neutrons.Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts with nitrogen. Yet, it is the least reactive metal in its element group. This is because the lithium valence electron is so close to the atomic nucleus. While lithium metal burns in water, it does not do so as vigorously as sodium or potassium. Lithium metal will burn in air and should be stored under kerosene or in an inert atmosphere, like argon. Dont try to extinguish a lithium fire with water as  it will only make it worse! Because the human body contains a lot of water, lithium will also burn skin. It is corrosive and should not be handled without protective gear.The name for the element comes from the Greek word lithos, which means stone. Lithium was discovered in the mineral petalite (LiAISi4O10).  Brazilian naturalist and statesman, Jozà © Bonifcio de Andralda e Silva found the stone on the Swedish isle Utà ¶. Although the mineral looked like an ordinary gray rock, it flared red when thrown into a fire.  Swedish chemist Johan August Arfvedson determined the mineral contained a previously unknown element. He couldnt isolate a pure specimen, but did produce a lithium salt from petalite in 1817.The atomic mass of lithium is  6.941. The atomic mass is a weighted average that accounts for the natural isotope abundance of the element.Lithium is believed to be one of only three chemical elements produced in the Big Bang that formed the universe. The other two elements are hydrogen and helium. Howev er, lithium is relatively uncommon in the universe. Scientists believe the reason is that lithium is nearly unstable, with isotopes that have the lowest binding energies per nucleon of any stable nuclides. Several isotopes of lithium are known, but the natural element is a mix of two stable isotopes.  Li-7 (92.41 percent natural abundance) and Li-6 (7.59 percent natural abundance). The most stable radioisotope is lithium-8, which has a half-life of 838 ms.Lithium readily loses its outer electron to form the Li ion. This leaves the atom with a stable inner shell of two electrons. The lithium ion readily conducts electricity.Because of its high reactivity, lithium is not found in nature as a pure element, but the ion is abundant in sea water. Lithium compounds are found in clay.Mankinds first fusion reaction involved atomic number 3, in which lithium was used to make hydrogen isotopes for fusion by  Mark Oliphant in 1932.Lithium is found in trace amounts in living organisms, but its function is unclear. Lithium salts are used to treat bipolar disorder, where they act to stabilize mood.Lithium is a superconductor at ordinary pressure at an extremely low temperature. It also supercondu cts at higher temperatures when the pressure is very high (greater than 20 GPa). Lithium displays multiple crystal structures and allotropes. It exhibits a rhombohedral crystal structure (nine layer repeat spacing) around 4 K (liquid helium temperature), transitioning to a face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic structure as the temperature increases.

Compare and Contrast Three Computers and Recommend the Best Essay

Compare and Contrast Three Computers and Recommend the Best - Essay Example Compare and Contrast Three Computers and Recommend the Best Considering the importance of computer to a business organization, the decision of choosing one is highly significant. While choosing the best computer for a business organization one has to evaluate all aspects. At least three computers must be chosen and their features should be compared and contrasted and then the best one should be chosen. Best computer for an organization should have a fast processor, ample storage capacity, fulfill audio video needs and should support optical device. Other features like ability to upgrade and expand and support/warranty should also be considered. Acer Veriton VM670G-UQ9501C Acer Veriton is designed for business organization and is capable of running all business applications and software. It has 2.8 GHz Intel Core 2 Quad Processor and 4 GB 1333 MHz DDR3 RAM. 320GB memory means that there is enough space for the organization to record all its data and store various documents. This memory can be expanded to 8GB and storage capacity can also be do ubled with the installation of memory cards. The dedicated ATI Radeon HD 4350 PRO video   in the machine one feature that distinguishes it with most other corporate desktops. This video card enables users to create a variety of new and vibrant brochures designs and make use of multimedia tools and applications in order to make the organization more profitable and productive . The machine has 10 Usb ports, Ethernet pert and DVD drive. It enables connection with printers, multimedia and other devices that aid business process. Moreover the machine comes with three year warranty and users have complete support and assistance from the manufacturer. Apple iMAC Apple iMAC is easily available in stores and online. Apple iMac is ideal for viewing high definition content and using application that require high resolution. The machine has 3.06 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor and 4GB of memory. It has 500GB SATA hard drive which is more than sufficient for data storage for average business us er. â€Å"Hard drive storage can be expanded to a huge capacity of 2TB. The maximum levels of hard drive space, processor speed and memory capacity are far greater than the average business user will ever need.†( â€Å"Apple iMac Review†, n.d). Though the led technology screen displays colors accurately it is reported that the screen lacks reflective coating. â€Å"Especially under fluorescent lights, the screen acts as a mirror and reflects its surroundings, making the completion of tasks difficult at best.† ( â€Å"Apple iMac Review†, n.d) The iMAC has highly effective data transfer tools. The thunderbolt port transfers data up to 12 times faster than any usb port and it is also more versatile.(apple, 2011). It does not have Ethernet port but it has an in built Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The iMAC comes with 90 days of support over the telephone for any sort of assistance and a 1 year warranty. Apple iMAC is ideal for firms that make use of high definition con tent for instance advertisement agencies but for other firms for instance accountancy firm, its massive memory and high resolution might be of little use. HP Compaq 6000 Pro The base processor of HP Compaq 600 pro is the Intel Celeron 450 that runs at 2.20 GHz. It can be upgraded to a maximum of 2.66 to 3.0 Core 2 Quad processor. It has 2 GB memory which can be extended to 16